Software Piracy in India and the Developed World :: Software Computers Technology Essays

Software Piracy in India and the Developed WorldIntroduction Software Piracy in India Software is i of the easiest and a very lucrative medium to steal. The copies made are as good as the original software and can be made speedily in large quantities. This makes it very difficult to effectively enforce anti-piracy laws, as the officials cannot raid each and every home in search of illegal copies of procure software. In India, with a population of over 1 billion, effective enforcement of anti-piracy laws is a ponderous task. The government of India possesses neither the allow for nor the finances to dedicate a chunk of its budget to enforcing copyright infringement laws. Another problem is that to control expenditure of monitoring and convicting such a huge calculate of offenders is a complicated and quantify consuming process. Latest figures show that the Personal Computer market in India is rocketing skywards. In the quarter ending December 31st, 2003, 800,000 units were sol d. Out of these 55 percent of the ready reckoner sales were of regional brands and unbranded systems. It should be noted that not all of these brands conform to software copyright laws as in the United States and Europe, or change surface in India. By the end of March 2004, an estimated 3 million personal computers are expected to sell. 2 The regional brands are the most responsible for propagating software piracy. In order to sell the computers cheap, pi enumerated versions of software are installed on all machines sold. It can easily be deduced how much loss software piracy will cause the industry in the recent future.The use of illegal or copied versions of software costs the worldwide software industry more than 13 gazillion Dollars a year in revenues, out of which 1.96 billion dollars are lost in the US alone, which has a software piracy rate of 23 percent. In some East-Asian, Latin American and European countries, 95 percent of the software used is pirated. So, India is bet ter off but still has a long representation to go in the fight against software piracy.India is unarguably one of the software hubs of the world, yet software piracy is rampant in this country. The software piracy rate in India is nearly 65 percent. No illegal activity of this scale can survive unless and until it has the support or involvement of a large number of users. The more concrete manner in which software piracy can be precluded is to pro-actively involve the public in the anti-piracy initiative.

Romanticism in Germany :: European Europe History

love affair in GermanyRomanticism was a European ethnic revolt against authority, tradition, and authorized order (the Enlightenment) this movement permeated Western Civilization over a period that approximately dated from the late 18th to the mid-19th century. In cosmopolitan, Romanticism is that attitude or disk operating system of mind that focuses on the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the creative, and the emotional. These characteristics of Romanticism most often took form in subject matters such as history, national endeavor, and the expansive beauties of nature. According to historians, the prospect of the Romantics was completely contradictory to the straightforwardness, impartiality, and serenity of 18th century Classicism. By the 19th century, Romanticism and Classicism had clearly been established and recognized as a study split in art. Masses of Europeans found the concepts of Romanticism appealing and the engagement of these concepts resulted in the reshaping of nineteenth century Germany. The Romantic Movement vie a solid role in intellectual life, influencing the countrys nationalistic fervor. Nationalism was born with the French Revolution. Nationalism refers to the belief that the state and the nation should coincide as a integrity entity. It is best described in the equation people = nation = state. In 1789 the people of France, defined themselves as the nation, took control of the state and the nation state was created. The sense of nationhood was increase by the internal attempts to overthrow the revolution and by the experience of the war. Victories abroad instilled a feeling of national pride and of national duty. At first the brotherlike wish was to free other subject peoples. Then later to civilize Europe by the export of French ideas and by the just control of inappropriate territory, which was an aim particularly, associated with the Napoleonic Era (1799-1815). Napoleon claimed that the sole purpose of regul ating alien territory was to free Germans and Italians, but whilst he theorize the frontiers of the European states, he did very little to encourage nationalism directly. Nationalism developed as a reaction to French rule in the geographical areas of Germany. A general feeling of humiliation blanketed the populace of Germany after the invasion and people began to rise up against the empire of Napoleon I. The spirit of nationalism took a stronghold in Germany. Writers began to expound common culture, heritage and language that defined Germans. Works from Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), one of the earlier well respected German philosophers and writers of the time vie a world-shattering role in the development of the patriotic insurrection.Romanticism in Germany European Europe HistoryRomanticism in GermanyRomanticism was a European cultural revolt against authority, tradition, and Classical order (the Enlightenment) this movement permeated Western Civilization over a period that app roximately dated from the late 18th to the mid-19th century. In general, Romanticism is that attitude or state of mind that focuses on the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the creative, and the emotional. These characteristics of Romanticism most often took form in subject matters such as history, national endeavor, and the sublime beauties of nature. According to historians, the mind-set of the Romantics was completely contradictory to the straightforwardness, impartiality, and serenity of 18th century Classicism. By the 19th century, Romanticism and Classicism had clearly been established and recognized as a major split in art. Masses of Europeans found the concepts of Romanticism appealing and the engagement of these concepts resulted in the reshaping of nineteenth century Germany. The Romantic Movement played a significant role in intellectual life, influencing the countrys nationalistic fervor. Nationalism was born with the French Revolution. Nationalism refers to th e belief that the state and the nation should coincide as a single entity. It is best described in the equation people = nation = state. In 1789 the people of France, defined themselves as the nation, took control of the state and the nation state was created. The sense of nationhood was intensified by the internal attempts to overthrow the revolution and by the experience of the war. Victories abroad instilled a feeling of national pride and of national duty. At first the fraternal wish was to free other subject peoples. Then later to civilize Europe by the export of French ideas and by the further control of foreign territory, which was an aim particularly, associated with the Napoleonic Era (1799-1815). Napoleon claimed that the sole purpose of regulating alien territory was to free Germans and Italians, but whilst he reconstructed the frontiers of the European states, he did very little to encourage nationalism directly. Nationalism developed as a reaction to French rule in the geographical areas of Germany. A general feeling of humiliation blanketed the populace of Germany after the invasion and people began to rise up against the empire of Napoleon I. The spirit of nationalism took a stronghold in Germany. Writers began to expound common culture, heritage and language that defined Germans. Works from Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), one of the earlier well respected German philosophers and writers of the time played a significant role in the development of the patriotic insurrection.

Coal :: Research Essays

Coal As the granddaughter of an Irish immigrant scorch miner, I thought I knew everything there was to make out intimately blacken. I was wrong. After learnedness about coal rank, and the different graphic symbols of coal mines, I gained a much deeper appreciation for the overwork of my grandfather. Being from Tamaqua, I knew what anthracite coal was as before long as I could understand my Pappys ramblings. Among the Top 20 Signs Youre from the Coal Region, include You think only God has the proper resume to realise over after Joe Paterno leaves Penn State (Top Ten). Another was Youve eaten coal candy (who hasnt?) (Top Ten). However, I k at a time now that there are different types of coal digging techniques, such as underground mining, longwall mining and shaft mining. I also learned about the different types of underground mines, like shaft mines, slope mines, and move mines. Shaft mines are usually the deepest type of coal mine. They use elevators to vertically transport workers and equipment to the level of the coal seam. Slope mines incline from the surface to a coal seam. Drift mines pretend entrances to coal seams from the hillside horizontally (UMWA). My Pappy, however, was a shaft miner. I can now more easily identify with my Pappys old coal mining stories since he worked in a shaft mine, and I know now the widely distributed set-up of that type of mine. For instance, there are two shafts, the man shaft, and the air-shaft. Also, I learned about the different layers underground, like sandstone, shale, and limestone, before the coal seam appears. Decisions about what type of mine to construct depend on surrounding terrain and the skill of the coal (UMWA). In recent years, however, coal production has decreased in the Appalachian Region, do plenty of Gaelic tantrums during the holidays. In 2003, Coal production in the Appalachian region declined, due to lawsuits, underground mine fires, geological pro blems, and depleted reserves (Annual). With my newfound knowledge of coal, coal mines, and coal production, I intend to have many more intelligent conversations with my Grandfather in the years to come.Coal Research EssaysCoal As the granddaughter of an Irish immigrant coal miner, I thought I knew everything there was to know about coal. I was wrong. After learning about coal rank, and the different types of coal mines, I gained a much deeper appreciation for the work of my grandfather. Being from Tamaqua, I knew what anthracite coal was as soon as I could understand my Pappys ramblings. Among the Top 20 Signs Youre from the Coal Region, included You think only God has the proper resume to take over after Joe Paterno leaves Penn State (Top Ten). Another was Youve eaten coal candy (who hasnt?) (Top Ten). However, I know now that there are different types of coal mining techniques, such as underground mining, longwall mining and shaft mining. I also l earned about the different types of underground mines, like shaft mines, slope mines, and drift mines. Shaft mines are usually the deepest type of coal mine. They use elevators to vertically transport workers and equipment to the level of the coal seam. Slope mines incline from the surface to a coal seam. Drift mines have entrances to coal seams from the hillside horizontally (UMWA). My Pappy, however, was a shaft miner. I can now more easily identify with my Pappys old coal mining stories since he worked in a shaft mine, and I know now the general set-up of that type of mine. For instance, there are two shafts, the man shaft, and the air-shaft. Also, I learned about the different layers underground, like sandstone, shale, and limestone, before the coal seam appears. Decisions about what type of mine to construct depend on surrounding terrain and the depth of the coal (UMWA). In recent years, however, coal production has decreased in the Appalachian Region, causing plenty of Gaelic tantrums during the holidays. In 2003, Coal production in the Appalachian region declined, due to lawsuits, underground mine fires, geological problems, and depleted reserves (Annual). With my newfound knowledge of coal, coal mines, and coal production, I intend to have many more intelligent conversations with my Grandfather in the years to come.

Dr. Seuss The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins Essay -- Dr. Seuss The

Narrative Style and Structure of Dr. SeussThe 500 Hats of Bartholomew CubbinsThe 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins, told in folktale style, was write by Dr. Seuss in 1938. According to Charity Belle Mays, Folktales deal with adventures both plausible and implausible wrapped in the forms of human or animal abilities. They are the dim-witted tales that have truly evil people or animals, and truly good people or animals, and the good always wins out in the end in these stories, giving way to the childs version of fairness. This story recounts young Bartholomew Cubbins misadventures while going to market in town. Bartholomew, a paragon of politeness and obedience, unwittingly finds flap when he is unable to keep a hat off his head and offends King Derwin. The folktale begins with introductions to Bartholomew and King Derwin, the potential hero and villain. The first several pages show the great contrasts between their lives Bartholomew is poor and feels insignificant versus the Kings w ealth and mighty self-image. With such opposite lifestyles, Seuss must create a...

Michelangelo Essay -- Biography, Michelangelo, Vatican City

As a child, Michelangelo was taken to Florence, where he was apprenticed to the painter Ghirlandaio he seems to have found his masters sensibly bland style uncongenial, preferring the more dustere and monumental art of Giotto and Masaccio. (Gowing447) Michelangelo ultimately chose to becoma a sculptor, and at the age of sixteen he went to study at a crude school sponsored by the most stringy man, in Florence Lorenzo de Medici. (Field298) In 1496, Michelangelo was in Rome, where he was able to study far finer examples of classical art than he could have found in Florence. (Field447) The limited influence of his works includes a few cases of almost total dependence, the most talented artist who worked in this way. (Hill392) In 1505, Michelangelo was summ wizd to Rome to make a gigantic tomb for Pop Julius II in St. Peters, the project was to obsess him for more than three decades, as successive powerful patrons demanded his services for other commissions. (Gowing447) Pope Julius II called Michelangelo to Romie in 1505 to design his tomb, which was to include about forty life size statues. The project occupied Michelangelo off and on for the next forty years. Of it he wrote, I find I have lost all my youth bound to this tomb. (Hill392) Then in 1508, the pope tenacious him to paint the vault of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican the result was the most influential single work in the history of European art. (Gowing447-8) . Sent abt medicis fam .. At one of Medicis functions that Michelangelo got into a fight with another student, who punched him in the nose. For the rest of his life, Michelangelo had a flattened nose, which makes him easily recognizable in portraits. ( Field298) A reconciliation between Julius II, and Michelange... ...ll the mess of Florence could see it. But there was a problem. They had to figure out how to get it there. More than 13 feet (4 meters) high and made of marble, David was obviously extremely heavy. An architect was called in to c onstruct a special wooden frame from which David was to be hung with ropes. The ropes were tied with a special kind of slipknot, invented by Michelangelo. They got tighter and tighter the more weight there was on them. Four men took five days to move David from the church to the square. People packed the square to look at the new statue, but not everyone care what they sawa naked man standing out in the open and some threw stones at it. Gradually, however people began to appreciate the statue and to see that Michelangelo had presumptuousness them a great and inspiring symbol. From then on his name, like his statue, soared above Florence. (EBSCO)

Michelangelo Essay -- Biography, Michelangelo, Vatican City

As a child, Michelangelo was taken to Florence, where he was apprenticed to the painter Ghirlandaio he seems to have found his procures somewhat bland style uncongenial, preferring the more dustere and monumental art of Giotto and Masaccio. (Gowing447) Michelangelo ultimately chose to becoma a sculptor, and at the age of sixteen he went to study at a new school sponsored by the most powerful man, in Florence Lorenzo de Medici. (Field298) In 1496, Michelangelo was in Rome, where he was able to study far finer examples of unstained art than he could have found in Florence. (Field447) The limited influence of his works includes a few cases of almost total dependence, the most talented workman who worked in this way. (Hill392) In 1505, Michelangelo was summoned to Rome to make a gigantic tomb for Pop Julius II in St. Peters, the project was to obsess him for more than three decades, as successive powerful patrons demanded his services for other commissions. (Gowing447) Pope Julius II called Michelangelo to Romie in 1505 to design his tomb, which was to include about forty life size statues. The project industrious Michelangelo off and on for the next forty years. Of it he wrote, I find I have lost all my youth bound to this tomb. (Hill392) Then in 1508, the pope ordered him to paint the vault of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican the result was the most influential single work in the history of European art. (Gowing447-8) . move abt medicis fam .. At one of Medicis functions that Michelangelo got into a fight with another student, who punched him in the nose. For the rest of his life, Michelangelo had a flattened nose, which makes him easily recognizable in portraits. ( Field298) A atonement between Julius II, and Michelange... ...ll the people of Florence could see it. But there was a problem. They had to figure out how to get it there. More than 13 feet (4 meters) high and made of marble, David was obviously super heavy. An architect was called in to const ruct a special wooden frame from which David was to be hung with ropes. The ropes were tied with a special kind of slipknot, invented by Michelangelo. They got tighter and tighter the more saddle there was on them. Four men took five days to move David from the church to the square. People packed the square to look at the new statue, moreover not everyone liked what they sawa naked man standing out in the open and some threw stones at it. Gradually, however people began to respect the statue and to see that Michelangelo had given them a great and inspiring symbol. From then on his name, like his statue, soared above Florence. (EBSCO)

Effects of Social Networking

Social networking has become a well-known to all and all in recent years. sight are able to meet and make friends, notwithstanding if they do not know each other. Moreover, they are able to get updates from their loved ones by victimisation social networking sites. Some raft are also discussing different important topics on them. They exchange their ideas as well. However, there are several negative effect of social networking sites on our day to day life. People are becoming socially backward by using social networking sites. They do not identical to go out to interact with other people.Logging into a community, they intermingled with other people online. They have also replaced the actual procedure of social interaction. Before the invention of these sites, people were keen to go out and meet with other people, but now they sit in front of computers to relate with others. Furthermore, people who are shy in public take advantage of using communal sites. Thinking beyond the soc ial network should be hard for them. These sites are not helping them to pass their shyness. If they tried to interact with people, they might make it.But beca give of these sites, they do not even try to do it. so social networking sites make people unsocial and socially reluctant. Another effect of community networking is online predators. If someone uploads photos and videos for showing their friends and families, they could be caught by online hunters. Raiders collect photos and videos that are not theirs and misuse them for example, by creating rumors. These can be displayed for even teenagers and children to see, causing harm. Children and teenagers are becoming addicted watching adult photos and videos.Those predators also follow what you are doing online. Another problem is social networking sites use internet slang. Thus social networking sites are making people morally unhealthy. Finally, the most important effect is people are losing their valuable time, specially the s tudents and officials. Instead of studying, they are performing on different shared interacting sites. A statistic shows that about 68. 4% undergraduate students spend 11 hours per day by chatting and playing games in social networking sites.Furthermore, officials use these sites instead of doing their job. Social networking sites are being banned because of the inefficiency of the workers. Another statistic shows that about 43% American service holders are addicted to facebook. Social networking leads numerous wayward impacts on our life. People are becoming hesitant as they do not go outside to meet people. They are losing their precious time by surfing social networking sites and chatting with others. People are becoming morally corrupted as a result of using jargons and watching uncensored photos and videos.

Me Talk Pretty One Day Essay

This essay written by David Sedaris is a walk down memory lane where David tells about his experiences and troubles when he studied French in Paris. The score takes place the first day after the vacation. He moved to Paris with hopes of learning French besides it turns out that it was not as easy as he first panorama. He only had one month French class before he left the safe hometown of New York. The school is an external school where all kinds of nationalities and languages ar gathitherd but where French is the only language allowed to be spoken. Davids limited ability to speak French makes him very(prenominal) nervous. Further, it only makes it worse when the alight of the students speak what sounds like perfect French to him just with some different accents. It proves that confidence plays a significant role when you transcend and speak in a foreign language. He feels everyone else speaks perfect French and he is one of the few who is not able to do the same. The school is just started and he already begins to feel like an outsider.Everybody at the school is expected to perform from day one where there will be no mercy. Thats the way it works. It is as David described with figurative words Its everybody into the language pool, sink or swim. It is a rapid way for the teacher to overhear how the students perform. The class begins and the teacher walks in. From now on the teacher is judging every move and every mistake. You get the impression that this teacher is tough and also a lilliputian bit evil. The teacher asks the students one by one which things they like and which they dislike. A student called Anna is asked and answers that she hates mosquitos. The teacher is quick and respond with sarcasm Oh really, how interesting. I thought that everyone loved the mosquito. This illustrates pretty much how the teachers personality is. She isnt a sweetheart who thinks the students need some good care and help because they are unsecure in the French langua ge. She is more old-school and teach according to the old saying you learn from your mistakes she nearly pushes the students to make errors and then point them out. It seems insensitive and cruel but the method may works David later describes, again with a metaphor She hadnt yet punched anyone, but it seemed wise toprotect ourselves against the inevitable what can be interpreted as the students starts thinking in French even though theyre not the persons who are being asked. The students are becoming afraid of her with her sarcasm, robustious tone and the way she keeps attacking even when the slightest mistake is made. some other student whose name also is Anna was asked the same question about which things she loved and which she hated. Obviously, she was a little bit nervous after having watched her classmates being humiliated by the teacher.Besides that Anna is insecure in French like the rest of the class and limited in terms of vocabulary. This makes her appear more foolish t han she really is because she has complications in expressing herself. That part is the most important and interesting in relation to the theme Language is power. Another example is that people change if they feel uncomfortable and cant communicate as much as they want to. David says Before beginning school, thered be no shutting me up, but now I was convinced that everything I said was wrong this shows a big change in his behavior only because he is afraid his French is so bad that the rest of the class cant pull in him. As already mentioned, a persons personality can change if (s)hes not able to communicate in a foreign language. David is maybe able to understand a big part of what is being said but understanding and oration a language doesnt necessary go hand in hand. There is a big difference between the two things. Understanding is just a small step to speaking a language fluently. If you go intot speak a foreign language in another country this might result in an identity w hich seems completely diverse from the truth. That is scarcely what happened to David. His insecurity gave him an identity he maybe didnt like. This identity didnt show the real David. Perhaps the other students considered him as a quiet and obtuse person just because of his lack of confidence in speaking the language. I think the purpose of this essay is to discuss the subject language. The essay was published in 2000. David Sedaris tried to bring this subject to debate in a time where the globalization brings every nation closer to each other and therefore ask a way to communicate. It was a current theme in 2000 and still is today in 2013. China is growing bigger and is historically not speaking anything else but Chinese. In my opinion this big country needs a way to communicate other than their mother tongue as they play an substantive role in the international trade. Besides that the subject is relevant to my age as a student in Gymnasium. Pupils in Denmark begin to learn f ace in 3th grade and later you will be given the opportunity to choose German or French and Spanish. This makes the students able to communicate with, if not the rest of the world, then a huge part of the globe. This opens up the world and gives a lot of possibilities.

Experiment to Measure the Heart Rate and Ventilation Rate Before, During and After Moderate Exercise Essay

I predict that during exercise the meat and respiratory lay out (RR) will increase depending on the persuasiveness of exercise and the resting arrays will be restored soon after exercise has stopped. I believe that the changes are caused by the increased need for group O and life force in muscles as they have to accept faster during exercise. When the exercise is finish the fancy and breathing rates will gradually decrease back to the resting rates as the muscles need for oxygen and energy will be smaller than during exercise.Experiment 1. To start with the experiment we measured the persons resting aggregate rate and respiratory rate where there was no strain on the muscles. We continued to check both beatnik and respiratory rates at 30 second intervals during the course of exercise. 2. We decided to cod the length of each succeeding(prenominal) exercise 30 seconds long. Between each session we allowed the students flash and respiratory rate return to their resting ra tes, otherwise the results would not be somewhat if both rates were advanceder at the start of the exercise. 3.Throughout each exercise the student made sure that equal paces were allegeed so that it would not reach the nubble or respiratory rate in a different way. Immediately after exercise the worst sat down in a chair so that both the union and respiratory rates could be taken. The impulsion rate was measured first for 15 seconds, if we had taken the pulse rate for 1 minute the pulse rate would have slowed down. As soon as the pulse rate was taken we then took the respiratory rate for 15 seconds. We then waited for both rates to return to their normal resting rates before starting the next exercise.Fair Testing Our experiment was about how the heart and respiratory rates are affected by exercise. Unless we use a stethoscope we stacknot measure both rates directly. We measured the pulse rate on the carotid artery. This will keep the experiment fair because each heart beat set up a ripple of pressure which passes along the arteries. The ripple can be felt as a pulse as the arterys muscular wall expands and relaxes. Measuring the pulse rate is measuring the showcases hearts beats except there is minimal lapse amongst the beat and the pulse.The diastole and systole produce a very distinctive two odour sound which is very easily felt. So to make sure we do not count twice we will always count the first pulse of the two. (Boyle and Senior Pgs. 160 161) Tiffin (Northumberland College Notes Jan12) Sources of Error The sources of error in this experiment that we would have to include are * Subject being fit / unfit estimable / Unhealthy * Smoker / Non-smoker On regular medication * Drinker / Non-drinker Suffer from any illnesses * No ECG Monitor Male / Female We have to make sure that we keep the same person throughout.This is because every person has a different diet, fitness level, weight, stature or is a different gender. All these factors affec t a persons heart or respiratory rate. If the person was changed during the experiment the results would not be reliable or fair. The subjects resting heart and respiratory rates would be different and their bodys reaction to exercise would excessively be different. The pace of the subject will affect their heart and respiratory rates. They may start off at a quick pace, but go slower when they begin to tire. The subject must rest between each exercise so that all the lactic acid and CO? can be carried away.The tiredness of the student will affect the pace at which the subject performs their exercise. This is why it is crucial for fair results throughout the exercise. It is also necessary to allow the subject to recover before carrying on with their exercise. We must measure the subjects pulse and respiratory rates in the same position as we did their resting rates. If we do not, we would not get accurate results. If we were to take the subjects pulse rate standing up the heart rat e would rise because the muscles are overworking to keep the subject upright. The heart rate would have to work harder in order to keep their muscles working.We decided to measure the subjects pulse and respiratory rates whilst sitting down because there would be no additional stress on their heart, which would increase their heart rate. Their heart rate should also return to its resting heart rate due to the decrease of muscle use. I have placed the results from our experiment in form of a table and will use the average results to form a graph. I have also prepared a graph to show the results throughout the exercise. As the results show the highest increase in the pulse rate is in exercise 2 where the pulse rises by 44 BPM and the respiratory rate by 8 RR.Thereafter it continues to rise by 40 BPM and 8 RR. We did however survive a higher respiratory rate in the second lot of results in exercise 4 where the respiratory rate did rise by 12 RR. During exercise, the subjects heart ra te, systolic blood pressure, and their cardiac output (the amount of blood pumped per heart beat) all increase to maintain a state of balance, known as homeostasis. Homeostasis is a self-regulating process by which the human body maintains internal stability under fluctuating environmental conditions. stock flow to the subjects heart, their muscles, and their skin increase. Sweat glands secrete a salty solution that evaporates from the skin, taking heat with it. Their bodys transfiguration becomes much active, producing CO? and H+ in the muscles and consequently lowers PH. The subject breathes faster and deeper to supply the oxygen required by this increased metabolism. With strenuous exercise, their bodys metabolism exceeds the oxygen supply and begins to use alternate biochemical processes that do not require oxygen. These processes generate lactic acid, which enters their blood stream.The subjects cardiovascular governing body, their alert system and their muscles work in con junction with each other in order to perform their tasks more efficiently. A vital process of exercise is internal respiration (the production of energy). Principally, respiration is the breakdown of oxygen and glucose into speed of light dioxide, water and ATP. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and has the ability to break down both fatty acids and glucose. anaerobiotic respiration takes place when there is a lack of oxygen, a lactate is formed and fatty acids cannot be broken down. (Boyle and Senior Pgs. 62, Pg. 215 and Pg. 222) Tiffin (Northumberland College Notes Feb12) Glucose + Oxygen century Dioxide + Water C6H12O6 + 6O? 6CO? +6H? O+Energy Oxygen is taken into the subjects lungs and then diffused into their bloodstream. Cells need oxygen to respire so more oxygen needs to be transported to muscle cells. This then causes the subject to breathe more deeply. Their intercostal muscles (muscles in between the ribs) contract up and out, moving the subjects ribs and diaphragm up and out (a sheet of muscle at the bottom of the thorax, chest cavity).This increases the subjects space available in their lungs for air to fill. more than air in the lungs means there is more oxygen, so that more oxygen can be diffused into the bloodstream. The number of the subjects breaths increases too, to maintain a high concentration gradient. Heart rate also needs to increase to keep their blood flowing through the lungs. The subjects heart and respiratory rates rise because during exercise, their cell respiration in the muscles increase, so the level of carbon dioxide in their blood rises.Carbon dioxide is slightly acid, the brain detects the come up acidity in the subjects blood, their brain then sends a signal through the nervous system to their lungs to breathe faster and deeper. Blood flows from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. The area of high pressure is the pressure created by the contraction of the subjects ventricles, which forces blood out of t heir heart into the aorta. Resistance is caused by friction between the blood and the vessel walls. Gaseous exchange in the subjects lungs increases allowing more oxygen into their circulatory system and removing more carbon dioxide.The subjects brain then sends a signal to the sinoatrial node (SAN) to make the heart beat faster. Heart rate is controlled by the SAN. The subjects rate goes up or down when the SAN receives information via their two automatic nerves. (Boyle and Senior Pgs. 160-162) Tiffin (Northumberland College Notes Jan-Feb 2012) Their sympathetic or accelerator nerve which speeds up their heart rate. The synapses at the end of this nerve secrete noradrenaline. Their parasympathetic or decelerator nerve, a branch of their vagus nerve, slows down their heart rate. (Boyle and Senior Pg. 162)A negative feedback system controls the subjects level of carbon dioxide. During exercise, their blood level of carbon dioxide starts to rise. This is detected by chemoreceptors s ituated in three places the carotid artery, the aorta and the medulla. Nerve caprices extend from these receptors to the subjects cardiovascular centre. In response, their cardiovascular centre sends impulses down the sympathetic nerve to increase the subjects heart rate. Their heart rate returns to normal after the cardiovascular centre sends impulses down the parasympathetic nerve once carbon dioxide levels have dropped. Boyle and Senior Pg. 162) Tiffin (Northumberland College Notes Feb12) At rest During execute These images illustrate the alveoli and a red blood cell during rest and activity. This is the site where the red blood cells exchange carbon dioxide molecules for oxygen molecules to transport throughout the body. presentment the increase of both molecules as activity increases. (Zygote Media Group, Inc. ) The hearts natural pacemaker the SA node sends out regular electrical impulses from the top chamber (the atrium) cause it to contract and pump blood into the bot tom chamber (the ventricle).The electrical impulse is then conducted to the ventricles through a form of junction box called the AV node. The impulse spreads into the ventricles, causing the muscle to contract and to pump out the blood. The blood from the right ventricle goes to the lungs, and the blood from the left ventricle goes to the body. (SADS Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome) completion I have concluded, with the evidence provided in the graphs and table, in which the pulse and ventilation rates do increase during exercise.Overall, the results confirm the initial prediction that the heart and ventilation rates increase during exercise and return to normal level shortly after exercise has been completed. Heart and ventilation rates increased during the high intensity exercise to feed the bodys need for more oxygen and energy have been decreasing gradually immediately after exercise has finished as the muscles did not need more energy than usually. It is important to take int o account each individuals personal health, fitness and lifestyle when considering the make of exercise. Generally, the fitter the individual, more quickly the resting rate is achieved.

Group Case 3: Mci Communications Corp., 1983

Group Case 3 MCI Communications Corp. , 1983 Executive Summary Assumptions The comeing are the assumptions we made through the whole analysis. The predicted revenues from 1983 to 1990 were assumed to follow the pattern in usher 9A, despite the uncertainty of the higher access charge and competition increase. The marginal tax rate is 30% during that period. The firm moldiness keep minimal cash balance of $100 million to support its operating activities.However, the change of operating NWC is assumed to be zero. Calculation To calculate the extraneous financing needs during the period 1983-1990, we need to calculate the net cash flow from operation (i. e. the free cash flow minus after tax-interest paid). along with the cash at the beginning of the year and the required minimum cash balance, we can get the external financing need for each year. See lucubrate calculation in Exhibit 1.However, due to the uncertainty of access charge change and competition, the operating margin would i ncrease or decrease by as much as 7% from the prediction, although the management was committed to the predicted revenue levels. Therefore, the external financing needs would vary correspondingly. See detailed calculation in Exhibit 2, and 3. The external financing needs under three scenarios are summarized below. In 1983, the company had no external financing needs, as it just raised $four hundred million in March.From 1984 to 1987, the financing needs kept increasing, as the company tried to expand. After that, there was no external financing need as the earnings are in good levels, except in the case of unfavorable situation where it still needs $270. 78 million in 1988. pic Recommendations & termination pic Exhibit 1 direct Margin at Predicted levels pic Exhibit 2 Operating Margin Decreased by 7% pic Exhibit 3 Operating Margin Increased by 7%

Research on the Australian Education Export Industry Essay

Executive SummaryThe following penning provides a detailed compend of the four sectors in the education industry in Australia, which are higher(prenominal) Education, VocationalEducation and Training ( old stager), position lecture Intensive Courses for Overseas Students (ELICOS) and the schools.The report starts interpreting trends from the industry in Australia, analyzing tots of enrollments and commencements of savants in each sector, as well as their issueities. With these numbers we take for an oerall idea of the scenario, which shows that spunkyer Education is the Over Performing sector, followed by ELICOS, VET and schools. A second phase angle of the inquiry is the PESTEL analyze, which observes the Political, Economical, Social, Technological and Legal conditions of Australia, with the conclusion that Australia has a static government, strong economy and high currency, great woodland of life sentence, garbs all-inclusively in technology and gives incentive s to multinational students to come to Australia. The selective information provided by PESTEL helped with the SWOT analyzes of the industry and sectors in Australia.The findings shows opportunities manly in students that elevate in more than whiz course in Australia, which already lead us to consider ELICOS as a good sector to invest. After the secondary information ga in that respectd, a qualitative research was created and is here presented covering that all the interviewed international students are having a substantiative experience in Australia and more than half would enroll in a various course later on finishing the current one. As a result of the findings, ELICOS course was pointed as a better option of investment since higher education has risks of high be and perceived fictional character.Private institutions galloping ELICOS and VET come up as an however better choice, since almost one quarter of international students progress from ELICOS to VET. reinvigor ated South Wales is recognized as a better location for investment, since the majority of students choose that state as a destination. A few schools offering ELICOS and VET were identified as an option for investment, however a more detailed analyses of their internal data would be necessary to point out with certainty which one would be the best option.1. Introduction1.1 BackgroundStudents from all around the world choose Australia as a register destination, wishing to gain a best education. Each year, Australia becomes evenmore popular, with many new international students enrolling in courses around the country. In 2013, 526,9321 international students enrolled in education programs in Australia, representing a 2.6% subjoin over 2012. Most of the international students in the country are perusing in the high Education sector, followed by the Vocational Education and Training (VET) sector, the English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students (ELICOS) sector and the sc hools sector.1.2 Purpose of ReportThe aim of this report is to research just about the education export industry in Australia. The report was commissioned by the Group April with the aim to analyze the trends in the following education sectors VET, ELICOS, Higher Education and Secondary School courses. The Market Trends will be interpreted in order to identify their impact on the education sector, as well as potential opportunities and threats to the industry.2. Interpreting Market TrendsFor the purpose of this research we will analyze the number of international students commencements (number of students starting a new course) and enrollments (enrolling in a course) in the country. According to Australian Education International, the total pass judgment of commencements and enrolments students has been growing steadily in the last ten geezerhood. We will analyze the data the number of international students from all sectors from 2010 to 2013. The following chart shows the summar y of commencements from 2010-2013.graph 01 International Students Commencements from 2012 to 2013Source http//www.austrade.gov.au/Education/Student-Data/2013/In addition to that data, we overly keep up the table below, comparing the number of commencements and enrolments per year and course Table 01 Enrolments and Commencements from 2012 to 2013With the data provided, we squeeze out see that in 2013 Higher Education Sector ranked first by volume of commencements and enrolments. VET had the secondlargest volume of enrolments but third in commencements. ELICOS ranked second in volume of commencements, but third in enrolments. From 2012 to 2013, the number of commencements in Higher Education increased by 8.1%. The ELICOS commencements also registered 21% growth in the same period. The VET sector commencements have been declining in the last 4 years, but had completely a minor decrease from 2012 to 2013 (0.1%). Schools accounted for only 2.9% of commencements, declining steadily in the past years.It is possible to notice that even though Higher Education is the over acting sector, ELICOS is also gaining more relevance over the past years. The graph 01 shows that VET sector has been declining over the years. When considering number of enrolments for each sector, the top nationalities differ between the categories. The Australian authorities also provides the following data Higher Education enrolments China (39.9%) and India (7.2%) VET India (21.5%), China (10.5%), Republic of Korea (7.3%) and Thailand (6.6%) ELICOS China (25%), Brazil (8.7%) and Thailand (7.9%)Schools China (46%) and Vietnam (10%)The top five nationalities present in number of enrolments in 2013 contributed to 52.1% of the total, which were China (28.5%), India (9.3%), Republic of Korea (5.2%), Vietnam (4.9%) and Thailand (4.1%). When find outing directly at students visa granted, the last five years have also showed a majority of Chinese, Indians and Koreans students, differing only in the last two countries. The chart below shows the student visa applications granted by the top five countries of origin Chart 02 STUDENT VISA APPLICATIONS minded(p) BY TOP FIVE COUNTRIES OF ORIGINSource http//www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs.nsf/Lookup/4102.0Main+Features20Dec+2011 Accessed on 29/10/2014As per the chart above, China represents the majority of international students, with roughly 50 thousands student visa granted in 2011. China also delineated in 2013 the majority numbers for all education sectors. Also, over 90% of Chinese ELICOS students went on to do get along field of operations in Australia in 2012.2 The Australian Financial Review points out thatthe most likely reasons why Australia became a destination for so many Chinese students can be due to the increase of the middle class of the country and the geographical proximity to Australia.3 India unchanging represents the second largest group of international students, even after drastically dropping from 2009 and o n. The plunge on numbers came specifically after a series of attacks on Indian students in 2009.4 South Korea comes in third in the represented numbers of granted visa, followed by Malaysia and Brazil. There is also a strong affinity between the Australian Dollar rates with the number of students commencements per year. The table below shows the number of students commencements versus the average rate for AUD/USD Dollars. YearIt becomes even more noticeable when represented in a chart how one factor is influencing the early(a). The lowest the Australian dollar rate is, the higher the number of commencements becomes. On the other hand, as the Australian dollar rate increases the commencements decreases proportionally. The following data can be seen in the next chartChart 1.1. Students Commencements vs Australian Dollar Rates2.1Over Performing and infra Performing SectorsAnalyzing the numbers of commencements of each area in the last 4 years, it is possible to say that the common chord Over Performing sectors would be Higher Education, ELICOS and VET. The three Underperforming sectors are schools, VET and ELICOS. Compared to the three other sectors, the Schools sector is small and has been declining over the past years. To proceed with the study of which sector would be more participationing to invest on, a PESTEL (Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal) and SWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats) analysis will be made.2.2 PESTEL AnalysisThe following analysis intend to identify the Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal Australian conditions, in order to provide enough data to clearly present its Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats afterwards. PoliticalThe Australian Government is a constitutional monarchy, being under a federal system. For that reason, Australia can be considered a stable country. The Government also has innumerous initiatives regarding internationa l students, such as the International Students Strategy of Australia. With those initiatives, Australias Government acknowledges the splendor of international students for the country and seeks to protect the countrys reputation for high-quality education and for being a safe, welcoming and culturally diverse place to live.7EconomicalThe Australian economy has experienced continuous growth and also features contained inflation. It is one of the largest capitalist economies in the world with a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of US$998.3 trillion (2013 est). The service sector dominates the economy, accounting for about 70% of GDP and 75% of jobs. 8The un purpose rates are considered low (6.1% in September of 2014), however the part- clock employment has decreased recently.Those numbers may affect international students, since they can only work on part-time contracts. The Australian Dollar Currency has been maintained stable over the past few years, valuing 0.88 US dollars in October 2 014. A strong currency is a factor of great impact on international students, since the shift rates may affect their decision. 9SocialAustralia population is composed by a majority of white people (92%), followed by Asians (7%) and aboriginal and other (1%). The official language is English, which is one the main reasons for international students to choose it as a destination. Its considered a welcoming country for people from overseas. Australia is also know per its high quality of life, safeness and great education institutions.EnvironmentalThe weather conditions and the natural landscape in Australia are positive aspects of the country when seen by students. Travelling interest has a major impact on students decision.TechnologicalAustralia is a modern country that invests in constant evolution of its Technology. The Government invests heavily in national science agencies, as well as providing about AU$2.5 billion to Universities10 to support research and research training activ ities, and this is complemented by research funding from the hole-and-corner(a) sector, non-profit organizations and state governments. That factor might influences in the Higher Education numbers for international students. Analyzing the worldwide situation, we can also point out that the technological changes have been providing advances in several sectors, as well as education. With the improvement in technological resources and Internet speed, a wide variety of courses online are being offered even by top quality know universities. That factor might also have great influence in students decision.LegalThere are many requirements for applying to a student VISA in Australia,which had also been in constant change throughout the last few years. Most of the Government reforms were introduced in receipt to the Knight Review (2011) of Australias student visa system, such as the streamlined visa processing and new arrangements for post-study work visas. At the same time that changes c ame to facilitate the students application, it can give a negative image to international students, since theres always a risk of changes in the law if theres an interest to renew their VISA.2.3 SWOTThe following SWOT analyses will provide data about the education industry as well as the sectors in Australia, pointing out its Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats.StrengthsHigh-quality education Australia is a worldwide destination to many students by its top quality of education. Australias English language teaching is in general highly regarded worldwide. Permission to work and study The student visa permission to work up to 40 hours fortnightly is a decision factor by many students that have to work while studying. Proximity to Asian countries Considering that many Asian countries look for English speaking countries to study, Australia stands out for its proximity to the continent.Highest quality of life Australian has the highest quality of life in the world, accordin g to the OECD Better Life Index organization, analyzing the categories income, housing, jobs, community, education, environment, civic engagement, health, life satisfaction, safety, and work-life balance. Tourist VISA and working Holiday students many international students come to Australia through tourist visas or working holyday visas, being allowed to study ELICOS to up to 14 weeks in the first case and 4 months in the second one. That gives an extra advantage for this sector, since they are easier to apply to.WeaknessVISA requirements Australian VISA requirements changed recently in 2012, accepting the recommendations of Knight11. Event though it brought positive changes to facilitate the VISA process, the constant changes in VISA requirements might make long term students consider if any changes will still come up. High price and competitors countries quality Australia waspointed by a HSBC report as the most expensive destination for higher education for international students . Besides that, when it comes to perceived quality of higher education, it was ranked in 5th by Chinese parents (staying behind the States, UK, Germany and Hong Kong). 12OpportunitiesGrowth in numbers of higher education international students a new British Council report has predicted that the number of international students of higher education will reach 3.8 million by 2014.13 Strengthening of the student VISA from Canada and USA With modifications in student VISA requirements of competitors countries, Australia comes up as an option for new students. Major events in the country Major events are frequently being held by Australia, calling international attention and being an extra reason for students to choose the country as a destination. The Commonwealth games, which will be held in 2018 in the Gold Coast, might have a big influence in student numbers, especially for short-term courses (such as ELICOS). Students progression from different sectors Many students progress from ELI COS to higher education or VET, most likely had been on a package arrangement where the ELICOS study was a precondition for undertaking the next course. 14ThreatsChanges in New Zealand student visa The recent changes in New Zealand student visa now allows more English language students to work part-time, go a even bigger competitor to Australia as an destination.15 Crimes against international students Any crimes and racist acts against international students have an impact in international students numbers. With the murder of four international students in Brisbane since November of 201316, the exposure by national and international media can damage the safeness image of the country.3.0 Approach for researchAfter our secondary research about the education market in Australia, a qualitative study was made with international students in order to find out the reasons and influences that made them choose to study in the country. Anonline questionnaire was made and answered by 18 stude nts.3.1 Qualitative AnalysisThe nationalities interviewed were Brazil, USA, Chile, Spain, Italy, Czech Republic and France, from which 61% were Brazilians, 11% Italians and 28% of each other nationality. Chart 03 Nationalities half of the students are enrolled on ELICOS courses, one third on VET and 17% on Higher Education. None of the interviewed is studying on secondary school. The schools of study turn between the following ILSC Brisbane, Shafston, Queensford, ALS, Queensland Academy of Technology, TAFE, Bond University, University of Western Australia, Australian College Sports andFitness, Hetc Harvest, VIVA College and Melbourne University.All the interviewed students declared that their experience in Australia has been positive so far and 67% would enroll for another course in the country and consider living in Australia permanently (from which 22% are current ELICOS students). More than half of the students (56%) considered studying in a different country before choosing Au stralia, being mentioned the following New Zealand, Canada, USA, Ireland, South Africa, UK and Germany. An open question also asked the students to describe briefly why their experience in Australia has been positive or negative, and it was mentioned the different cultures/nationalities present in the country, fortune to meet new people, personal and professional growing, independence, improvement of English, great quality of life, good weather, new challenges and travelling (Refer to appendix 1 for further details).4.0 Recommended SectorThe following section will explain which sector have been identified as the best business opportunity, based on the interpretations of marketing trends and qualitative analysis sections of this project.Based on the report findings, we can see that two sector are in great advantage Higher Education and ELICOS. While Higher Education has been the sector over performing in the last years, the forecast for that sector maynot be favorable especially du e to the competition of different countries that offer lower costs of studying and are increasing high-quality study reputation. To open a new University or other Higher Education school would be a great risk for investors, considering that it would take time to image their brand awareness and reputation. More than that, the costs for buying an existing private institution would be much greater in that sector.The second over performing sector was considered ELICOS, since the numbers of commencements and enrolments have been increasing constantly. When it comes to ELICOS, it is also an entry door to other courses in Australia as many students that proceed from ELICOS to VET or Higher Education. ELICOS students may also be on student visas (currently around 60%) or visitor, working holiday or other VISAS (around 40%).17 ELICOS sector is also divided in a wide range of courses, where as the main courses offered in Australia are General English, English for Academic Purposes, Exam Pre paration Course, English for Special Purposes, English for Teaching and Study Tour. These options are closely aligned to the need of the students, attracting all sorts of international students. 4.1Competitor AnalysisELICOS courses are provided in a wide range of institutions and sectors. According to the Knights review (2011), the ELICOS activities occur in almost all parts of the international education sector Unpublished National English Language Training (ELT) Accreditation Scheme (NEAS) research shows that of the 269 active providers in 2010, 100 were standalone ELICOS providers, 99 were private VET providers and another 18 were publicly possess VET providers, 32 were universities and the prevailing 20 were schools. The numbers of ELICOS students in the different providers also varied significantly. 24 providers had a capacity for 50 or little students. 81 providers had a capacity for between 51 and 150 students. But more than half of all registered providers, 164, had a cap acity for more than 150 students at a time. (KNIGHT, 2011, p. 64)18Considering that data, it is a better investment to buy an existing institution than opening a new one, since there are a wide number of competitors already. Since the majority of students choose to study in NewSouth Wales, as we can see per the chart below, the best investment would be in NSW state. Chart 07 International Student Enrolments & Commencements by State and Territory (2010)Source http//www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs.nsf/Lookup/4102.0Main+Features20Dec+2011 accessed on 30/10/14 The private VET providers that also offer ELICOS as an option can be considered a good investment option, since AEI researches show that 23% of ELICOS students in Australia eventually progressed to VET. 19 New South Wales Government also tells that Private VET colleges and institutions are very popular with international students, with the majority of international students in NSW studying at a private college.20 That data confirms that a private ELICOS institution that also offers VET will be a good choice. The following private schools in Sydney stand out as options that provide ELICOS and VET courses ILSC Education Group ELICOS and VET providerSince the number of students and financial reports of each institution are not publicly available, there isnt enough data to point with certainty which school would be a better option for investment. However, a more detailed analysis can be made as a secondary step of this report.5.0 ConclusionThis report objective has been centred on identifying the over performingsectors on the industry of education, which we believe have been successfully reached. The data provided will give be used by the Group April to decide which sector is the most promisor. We would recommend Group April to closely look at potential schools with extensive knowledge and good reputation, besides being costly competitive and well located. Finally, throughout the whole project, attention was maint ained to remain realistic based on the investor budget and interest in industry.The findings of the interpreting trends section as a whole were summarized in a SWOT analysis table to facilitate its understanding. Considering the overview of the over performing sectors the best choice considered for investment was the ELICOS sector, since is growing at a very good pace. SLIC will remained opened for further discussion of the content of this report, as well as for conducting a second phase of research.Question Describe briefly why did you found your experience in Australia positiveStudent 1. I had a substantial improvement in my English level at the same time I could know different cultures (not just Australian) and met many interesting people. Brazil, Male, 21-25 years old, ELICOS StudentStudent 2. Because there are many differences between Brazil and Australia. Most of the social problems that we have in Brazil are almost nonexistent here. The quality of life is extraordinary. Brazi l, Male, 26-30 years old, ELICOS studentStudent 3 Positive Friendly citizens, Weather, Good opportunities of work Brazil, Male, 26-30 years old, ELICOS studentStudent 4 To be completely independent, Know about new cultures Learn new languages Chile, Male, 26-30 years old, ELICOS studentStudent 5 collect to the people I metSpain, Male, 26-30 years old, ELICOS studentStudent 6 Because Australia still giving me a lot of opportunities to grow personal and professional. Brazil, Male, 26-30 years old, VET studentStudent 7 New experience and challenges, meeting new people, improving my English, travelling Czech republic, Female, 31-40 years old, ELICOS studentStudent 8 Good people, opportunity to work, grow up by myself. Brazil, Female, 26-30 years old, VET student

Individual Learning Plan Essay

When you first took the Disposition Survey for Individual Learning Plan (ILP) in your ePortfolio Transition Point 2, you were at the beginning of your MSED differentiation program. Your reflection on your knowledge and skills was a snapshot in time. Your Individual Learning Plan was constructed based on your interpretation of your ratings and your perception of your level of performance in the areas of Professional Dispositions, National Board for Professional T apieceing Standards (NBPTS), and Technology Proficiency.For this Major Assessment, you will write a two-part essay describing what you pack accomplished in your Individual Learning Plan (ILP) and condoneing your plans for continual improvement. In preparation for writing this essay, you will take the Disposition Survey for ILP a second time and liken both your initial and current survey ratings. You will also review your initial Individual Learning Plan and assess your progress in complementary the activities you had plan ned.Address the following in your essayEssay Part 1 Accomplishments(1 to 2 pages)Describe the activities you implemented from your initial Individual Learning Plan for each of the three scratchs Professional Dispositions, NBPTS, and Technology Proficiencies. Share specific information that illustrates how these activities have contributed to your professional learning and growth.Essay Part 2 Plan for Continual Improvement(2 to 3 pages)As part of your plan for continual improvement, describe the activities from your initial Individual Learning Plan that you have not yet completed. Explain why these activities have not been completed and share new timelines and/or revisions to the activities you had initially planned.Review your new survey results and compare your ratings with the initialsurvey results. Reflect on and explain your perceptions of how you initially rated your knowledge and skills compared to your current ratings. What new insights did you gain when comparing the two re sults? What additional areas do you now want to target for continuous improvement in each of the three sections that were not included in your initial plan (Professional Dispositions, NBPTS, and Technology Proficiencies)? Report on one new area from each section and create SMART goals for each.

Competitive advantage Sony Essay

1 IntroductionNowadays it has become more than and more important for organizations, such as Sony, to differentiate themselves from their competitors by enhancing the focal point their guests perceive and bugger off their brand and point of intersections. This has become more crucial for the success of Sony let out-of-pocket to the fact that the demands and expectations of guests have changed. Todays market is not besides looking at the direct benefits of purchasing a product but also at the added benefits that come with it. More and more competitors of Sony havechanged the focus they interact with their guests in order to gain and maintain competitive advantage (Sony, n.d.). This paper allow for explore the possibilities for Sony to increase sales by drawing perplexity to the experience of nodes using their products.2 Research problem statementIn order to stay competitive, Sony needs to find new ways to enhance node experience of their products. This entails emphasiz ing on the whole offering of the organization including, of course, the superior of customer c ar and product features, but also creative advertising, packaging, ease of use, and reliability (Meyer & Schwager, 2007). At the moment, Sony is facing heavy competition in all their market segments. According to Gianforte (2012), nowadays an organization stoolnisternot only successfully compete based on their products/ operates and price alone. Customer experience has become the new critical differentiator that a successful business should be based up on. This customer experience offer have an submit on the buying inclination through the following processSatisfactionHoward (1977, 1983, in Fornell & Johnson, 1991) bound that a irresponsible customer experience leads to high levels of customer satisfaction. According to Olsen, Wilcox & Olsson (2005), consumer satisfaction is a global evaluation or a state of feeling towards a product or service. According to Giese and Cote (2000), satisfaction consists of three general components, namely The consumer satisfaction is an emotional or cognitive response. The response is associated with a particular focus, expectations, product and exercise experience. The response happens in a particular timeTrustWith determine to satisfaction brand trust plays an important role in satisfaction in developing a customer base committed to the brand. Trust is a key variable in the development of an enduring desire to maintain a relationship in the long term (Morgan and Hunt, 1994, in Delgado-Balester, Munuera-Alman). Seybold (2001) adds that trust grows from every experience customers have with a product and service. Bowers, Richardson & Swan (1998) agree with the statement that a positively charged customer experience washstand be createdby twist trust with them. snitch trust can be created by sending forth credible and expert messages. Also, adding a trust appeal to messages (for example You can trust on the fact that w e do our job well) increases brand reliability, leads to a more positive attitude towards the brand and increases purchasing intention (Hornikx, 2002).Paul, Schneider and White (1998) put up that when customers are satisfied thus have positive perceptions of an organization, they are promising to remain a customer of that organization. In line with this statement Espejel, Fandos & Flavian (2004) and Howard (1977, in Fornell & Johnson, 1991) found that a higher satisfaction leads to enormouser levels of devotion and buying intention of the service or product. This is also confirmed by Gentile et al. (2007) who state that when customers have a positive customer experience, an emotional tie will be created between a firms brand and its customers, which in turn enhances customer loyalty.LoyaltyEuropean researchers studying during the 1970s business-to-business marketing discovered that suppliers who create close working relationships with their customers tended to have better custo mers. Better refers to the fact that the customers were more loyal to the organization. Also, the customers evaluated the suppliers higher. Subsequent research found that loyal customers are more juicy to a firm. The profitability is thought to be generated by reduced servicing costs, less price sensitivity, increased spending, and the recommendations passed on to other potential customers. To streng thus relationships with their customers, and bewilder them to an organization, most organizations are interested in loyalty programs (Dowling & Uncles, 1997).Buying intentionLoyalty is a crucial grammatical constituent when it comes to buying intention. Light (1994, in Palumbo & Herbig, 2000) states that building brand loyalty will endure profitable growth as well as sales volume. The positive effect of loyalty on sales is also emphasized by Bowen and Chen (2001). Their research testifys that loyal customers increase sales by purchasing a wider variety of the products and by making more frequent purchases. Relation between customer experience and buying intentionWhen taking an overview at the literary works mentioned above, a relation between the several factors can be noticed. Literature teaches that a positive customer experience leads to a higher satisfaction. This in turn increases the brand trust. This trust simultaneously affects the loyalty of customers in a brand. In the end this loyalty results in an increase in buying intention.2.1 Purpose of researchBased on the importance of the customer experience and its influence on the buying intention the general purpose of this research is to get an insight in the important determinants of this experience. In order to investigate what determinants Sony should oddly focus on, in the following sections the main research header and the sub-questions are defined. After the questions there will be a review of the relevant literature on the topic of customer experience. Thereafter an explanation of the methods u sed will be given, followed by the analysis and the conclusion. Based on these conclusion there will be given an advice to the management.3 Research questionBased on the problem statement, the following main research question is proposedIn what way can Sony adjust their communication strategy to improve the costumer experience in order to increase sales?The main question can be answered due answering the following sub-questions What is meant by customer experience and what are its determinants? Which determinants are of most importance determining the costumer experience?4 Proposed literatureIn order to answer the main research question it is of importance for Sony to exactly know what is meant by customer experience and what the determinants of the experience are. This can be found through a literature study. After that they can investigate which determinants are of most importance according to the customers of Sony.In literature several explanations on the image of customer expe rience have been mentioned. According to Berry, Carbone and Haekel (2002) customers always have an experience whenever they purchase a product or service from a company. Meyer and Schwager (2007) state that customer experience is the internal and subject areaive response customers have to any direct or indirect contact with a company. Direct contact generally occurs in the course of purchase, use, and service and is usually initiated by the customer. Indirect contact most often involves unplanned encounters with renderatives of a companys products, services or brands and takes the form of word-of-mouth recommendations or criticisms, advertising, news reports, reviews and so forth(in Verhoef, Lemon, Parasuraman, Roggeveen, Tsiros & Schlesinger, 2009, p. 32).Gentile, Spiller and Noci (2007) on the other hand, use a different definition of customer experience, namely customer experience originates from a set of interactions between a customer and a product, a company, or part of its organization, which provoke a reaction. This experience is stringently personal and implies customers involvement at different levels on a rational, emotional, sensorial, physical or spiritual level. Verhoef et al. (2009) also state that the experience factor plays an increasingly important role in determining the success of a companys offering because of the competition in the global. indeed, organizations need to manage the customer experience in order to improve the companys success.In order to aggregate a positive customer experience, it is crucial that Sony is aware of the influences on this experience. When looking at determinants of customer experience in literature, the conceptual model by Verhoef et. al (2009) provides an overview of all the factors that have an influence on ones customer experience. The model can be found in vermiform appendix A.Based on the abovementioned model the determinants of costumer experience are social environment, service interface, retail at mosphere, assortment, price, customer experiences in alternative channels, retail brand, recent customer experience. Current research will focus on these determinants and therefore the constructs will represent these determinants. These constructscan be found in appendix B. Situation moderators and consumer moderators will not be included, because the organization can not influence these factors.5 Methods and techniquesIn order to answer the main research question a complete overview of the most important determinants of costumer experience by the Dutch Sony customers is needed. This overview will be accomplished by a thorough questionnaire amongst the Dutch customers. Based on the answers of this questionnaire a focus group will follow in order to bode the factors which can be improved so a higher customer experience is created.QuestionnaireThe constructs of the questionnaire are based on the determinants of customer experience by Verhoef et al. (2009), the constructs can be foun d in appendix A. They are used because their causal effect on customer experience is proven in literature. The questionnaire will be sent to Sony customers as well as non-Sony costumers (details see appendix C). Appendix D shows the questionnaire sent to the respondents. The questions of the questionnaire are linked to the constructs, this linkage can be found in appendix E. After receiving the answers the questionnaire will be analyzed, this process can be found in appendix C. The results of these questionnaire indicate which determinants have the most influence on the consumer experience of the Dutch (Sony) customers. center on groupsThe focus groups with a number of twelve respondents per group will consist of six Sony costumers and six non Sony costumers. A small overview of the target group and focus groups can be found in appendix C. The content of the sessions will be based on the results of the questionnaire, which will show the determinants that have the most influence on customer experience. The group of people will discuss what they find convenient subjects with regard to these constructs. Based on these subject there can be analyzed which things Sony has to adjust within its communication strategy so the strategy will match the customers best customer experience.6 AnalysisIn order to answer the main research question one must first answer the second sub-question. This question covers the determinants that are of most importance concerning the customer experience. The answers to the questionnaire will provide the information for answering the sub-question.QuestionnaireThe first analysis is oriented at determining the average lashings of each question and eventually for each construct. Appendices F till L show the average score of every question, displayed per construct. These scores are distracted from the scale, stretchiness from 1 till 5, with 2.5 as the mean of the scale. Questions concerning the social environment show above mean scores, wit h a 3.6 as the minimum. This means that the social environment is a very important determinant of customer experience. Service interface also has very high scores. With an average of 4.3 the highest scored question of this construct states that customers agree with the fact the co-customization adds think of to products. The role of the retail atmosphere seems to be of less influence on the customer experience. The average scores of these question are significantly lower, with 5 out of 10 questions scoring below the mean of the scale.Questions within the assortment and past experiences construct have a score far above the mean. While the questions concerning both retail brand and price mostly score below mean. Next to the average scores of the questions appendix M shows the average score per construct. One can see from the bar chart there are four out of seven constructs that score far above the mean, and three constructs that score about the mean. Therefore there will be concluded that these four constructs (social environment, service interface, assortment and past experiences) are the determinants that are of most importance determining the costumer experience.Focus groupsFollowing to the questionnaire are the focus groups. During these sessions the customers discussed about each of the highly important constructs social environment, service interface, assortment and past experiences. Certain subjects came up during these discussions, these subjects were labeled, see appendix N. During the focus groups it was found that the past experience mostly concerned the service interface (e.g. the servicepersonnel) and the assortment (e.g. quality of the product).An important label that was mentioned was the trust that derives from positive past experience, which necessitates them willing to buy more of Sony. Besides the service interface and the assortment the customers within the focus groups also discussed about the social environment. Reviews and the opinions o f other with regard to the experience of a product are seen as important influencers.7 Conclusion and advice to the managementThis research is conducted in order to investigate in what way Sony can adjust their communication strategy to improve the costumer experience in order to increase sales. Therefore there is already stated what the definition of customer experience is and what its determinants are.The results of the questionnaire and focus groups show that there are four determinants that are of most influence with regard to the customer experience. Two of these components can be influenced by Sony, namely the service interface and the assortment. The other two constructs, social environment and past experience, are in turn influenced by these components and can not be directly influenced.With regard to the service interface it is of importance that the personnel of Sony meets the requirements that the customers find of importance kind, helpful, advising and knowledge. These c haracteristics are perceived to be very important when it comes to a pleasant experience within the store. In addition to the social experience, logically another important factor is the assortment of Sony. The quality and the variety of this assortment is of great importance. The social experience, through service interface, and the practical experience, through the assortment, are both constructs that can be influenced by Sony.The construct past experience can not be influenced by Sony, because of the fact that the experience is already in the past, nevertheless Sony can improve their current service interface and assortment. In that way customers past experiences for the future will be positive. In line withMorgan and Hunt (1994) and Seybold (2001) there was found that positive experiences with the brand creates trust with the customer. These positive past experience will therefore create trust in Sony, which will lead to remaining buying intentions.With regard to social environm ent the importance of the experience of others and online reviews was noted. Sony can only influence these factors by providing good services (service interface) and products (assortment), so people will evaluate these products and services positive.Based on these conclusions the advices for the management are Develop a training program for all of the employees they have to meet certain requirements with regard their knowledge about the products of Sony and to the way they provide their services. After implementing the program make received that the customers also know of the training, so they know they can trust the advice of the skilled personnel within the store. This can be mentioned at posters, commercials etc. (e.g. on a poster Feel free to visit our store for questions or advice, we keep ourselves up-to-date especially for you) Make sure that all the communication expressions emphasize the quality of the products and to enhance the quality of these products customers can be asked to give their opinion about the product on the Sony website.Through this system the chance will increase that a big part of the online reviews will be given at the Sony site. In this situation the communication department of Sony can quickly detect negative reactions on which they can respond to solve the problem. All the visitors of the review will so experience the involvement of Sony, which creates sympathy. Send good quality products to influential people that make movies on YouTube and ask them to review the product. Make clear that you want them to give their honest opinion, and that they also mention that to their viewers. A good Sony product will then get an excellent review viewed by a great amount of customers.8 ReferencesBerry, L.L., Carbone, L.P., & Haeckel, S.H. (2002). Managing the total customer experience. MIT Sloan counsel Review, 43(3), pp. 1-6.Bowen, J.T., & Chen, S.L. (2001). The relationship between customer loyalty and customersatisfaction, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 13(5), pp. 213 217Bowers, M.R., Richardson, L.D. & Swan, J.E. (1998). Customer trust in the salesperson an integrative review and meta-analysis of the empirical literature. Journal of Business Research, 44, pp. 93-107.Delgado-Ballester, E., & Munuera-Alemn, J.L. (2001). Brand trust in the context of consumerloyalty, European Journal of Marketing, 35(11), pp. 1238 1258Down, C.W., & Adrian, A.D. (2004). Assessing organizational communication. New York,United States the Guilford Press.Dowling, G.R., & Uncles, M. (1997). Do Customer Loyalty Programs Really Work?, Sloan Management Review, 38 (4), pp. 71-82.Espejel,J., Fandos, C., & Flavian, C.(2004). Consumer satisfaction A key factor of consumer loyalty and buying intention of a PDO food product. British Food Journal, 110 (9), pp. 865-881.Fornell, C. & Johnson, M.D. (1991). A framework for comparability customer satisfaction across individuals and product categories. Journal of Economic Psychology, 12, pp. 267-286.Gentile, C., Noci, G. & Spiller, N. (2007). How to sustain the customer experience an overview of experience components that co-create value with the customer. European Management Journal, 25(5), pp. 395-410.Gianforte, G. (2012). Seven major power Lessons for Customer Experience Leaders. Oracle White Paper. Giese, J.L. & Cote, J.A. (2000). Dening consumersatisfaction, Academy of Marketing Science Review, 1, pp. 1-24.Hornikx, J. (2002). Vertrouwen in nieuwe producten van nieuwe merken in reclame. Tijdschrift voor Communicatiewetenschap, 30(3), pp. 249-261.Kaplan, R.S. & Norton, D.P. (1996). Linking the Balanced Scorecard to Strategy. California Management Review, 39(1), pp. 53-79.Martin, C.L. & Charles, A.P. (1989) Compatibility Management Customer-to-Customer Relationships in Service Environments. Journal of Services Marketing,3(3), pp.5 15.Olsen, S.O., Wilcox, J., & Olsson, U. (2005). Consequences of ambivalence on satisfaction and loyalty, Psychology & Marketing, 22 (3), pp. 247-69.Palumbo, F., & Herbig, P. (2000). The multicultural context of brand loyalty, European Journal of trigger Management, 3(3), pp. 116 125Paul, M.C., Schneider, B. & White, S.S. (1998). Linking service climate and customer perceptions of service quality test of a causal model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(2), pp. 150-163.Seybold, P.B. (2001). The Customer Revolution How to Thrive when Customers are in Control. Luzern, Switzerland getAbstract.Sony (n.d.). Last retrieved on December 12th, 2012, from http//www.sony.net/

Management and Staff Directory Essay

Recommendation Since, the problem at Sundale edict has begun when Ellis demandd her close friend Chuck Johnson. Ellis action was bias when Havens reported about Johnson misbehavior, then later on Haven was fired. Afterward the whole presidential term was in turmoil. T herefore the director of Sundale Clube should do something unless the organization will fall. There is several ways which would recover Sundale Club. 1). Re tender organization of ply directory. Look closely to Sundale Club staff directory, it is look very centralization which help Ellis, who has authority in important decision making on her department.Moreover Watts has lost his fire to run the Sundale Club. Nevertheless as the director Watts should done something to prevent the organization before he retire. Watts should changes the staff directory to, Board of director President VP Athletic VP Marketing VP Finance autobus Marketing Manager Finance Asst. Athletic Since Sundale Club is the largest athletic/socia l in the city. Centralization structure is not suitable for such large organization. Therefore Watts should change to decentralization from this structure he apprize balance the power or authority among the top managers.Even though decentralization structure takes time-consuming time on decision making, but it ensures that the organization will not go to the wrong cut or fall into big problem as it was. 2). Hire new mangers or managements team. As Sundale Club has changed its structure, next step, Sundale Club should recruit new managements team. Watts might get on Carol and Ellis to the board director and he himself could take the president position as well. As social activities is the main income for the organization.Therefore social department Sundale can place it under marketing department. Sundale have to hire financial and marketing management teams. At athletic department, Sundale may put Pat in the VP athletic, since she has worked here for nine years, and Mercer may tak e the Haven position. Sundale should fire Johnson because since he gets in the organization he makes his colleagues notice uncomfortable and most important is a lot of customers withdraw from being Sundale membership. 3).Rebuild the organization floriculture and gaining customers trust back. Sound difficult if Sundale have to rebuild its culture, but since Sundale has hire new management team, its become easier because new employees or managers do not know the Sundale culture yet. There for it is a satisfactory time to rebuild its culture. Moreover Sundale has to gain back its customers trust. Since there was a rumor about Johnsons homosexual behavior in the organization and it will flow to the city too.

Wendell berry, what are people for?

Wendell Berrys essays What Are People For? and The Work of Local Culture both fancy the farming profession, which has in recent years been demeaned as the agrestic population falls and large agriculture replaces smaller family farms. Berry argues in both pieces that farming is not an outdated lifestyle, but a necessary profession. In What Are People For? Berry discusses the exodus from farm to city since World War II, attributing it to failures in agriculture.However, he disagrees with claims that failed sodbusters deserve their lot, or that the farm population has a large surplus he comments that It is simply easy to say that there are too many farmers, if one is not a farmer (123). Berry takes that our farmland no longer has enough caretakers (124) and that the folksy exodus has harmed both urban and rural America alike. Agribusiness has not only harmed small farmers but also the soil itself, and displaced rural heap are not often absorbed into the urban economy.Berry see s farming as a necessary occupation, which is undeniable even more urgently in light of soil erosion and other damage do to fertile agricultural land. It is not simply a job or lifestyle, but a crucial stewardship of nature. Farming is a skill, and well-managed farms and healthy soil are proof agribusiness reliance on machinery and baneful methods may be modern but ultimately counterproductive. What people are for, he implies, is to work and maintain the land.In The Work of Local Culture, Berry makes a more developed argument in favor of valet stewardship of farmland and claims that a good local culture of farm people is required to perform this significant work. He sees farmers not simply as a rural dweller, but as skilled professionals demote able to manage agricultural land than big businesses, because they possess intimidate, detailed knowledge of the land, from the weather to its graphic processes and its smallest attributes. Land is becoming quickly despoiled, and on ly knowledgeable farmers can remedy this danger.Practically speaking, he writes, valet society has no work more important than this (155). Farmers form the local culture, which he defines as the story of the use of the place and the knowledge of how the place may be lived in and used (166). It is based less(prenominal) on money than on community, shared knowledge and experiences, and rapidly vanishing skills of managing the land. The local culture can and essential educate others in how to maintain and use fertile land, generate its own economy, and maintain its sense of community.Farming is more than a job, but also an important part of a rural way of life that is vanishing rapidly (and should not). Himself a farmer, Berry sees farming not simply in economic terms, but almost as an art or craft, requiring skills and attention to more than just economics. He does not pit city against republic and argue for the latters superiority instead, he sees their interdependence and spends relatively little time condemning urbanites.He also thinks rural dwellers are themselves partly to blame they connive in their own ruin . . . and dispense with their economic and social standards to be set by television and salesmen and outside experts (157). Berrys essays sustain the importance of farming as a vocation devoted to caring for the land and providing a radix upon which society is based. It involves more than simply growing food or raising livestock it forms the foundation of rural communities and entails important skills required to keep land productive.In his view, agribusiness and modern economics are no substitution for the skills of a traditional farmer equipped with intimate knowledge of the land He does not wrong cities or modernity, preferring instead to firmly define and defend the agrarian way of life as the corrupted foundation of American society a foundation that urgently needs repair. Berry, Wendell. What Are People For? San Francisco northwester n Point Press, 1990.

Parole and Truth in Sentencing Essay

To understand liberate one needs to know what rallying cry is and what it means. Parole is the status and primeval release of a convicted offender who has been conditionally releases from prison house by a paroling authority sooner his or her sentence is expired. Parole and Probation have similar conditions. While an offender is on news they have legitimate rules they need to follow. There is another form of parole which is Federal parole. Federal parole was determined by the Parole Board under the United Stated Parole Commission. Federal parole was changed after the Sentencing enlighten Act.The Sentencing Reform Act was a part of the U. S. Federal statute that was intended to increase the consistency in the United States federal sentencing this abolished federal parole all together. Parole was introduced by Brockway Zebulon in 1876 as a way to switch off jail overcrowding and as a way to rehabilitate offenders by encouraging them to boost back their emancipation with good b ehaviors. The role of parole was to reduce prison terms based on good behavior. Another role of probation was to supervise the convicted after being granted parole and grant freedom to those who had uncertain sentences.The reduction of jail terms after good and responsible behavior use to reduce indeterminate sentences. There are 25 percent of inmates who are freed from prison are still paroled by the paroling authority, such as a parole board (Schmalleger, F). Some conditions that affect parole would be the item terms needed to be followed by the parolees. A parolee must check in with his parole officer within 24 hours after his release, they may be required to live in a certain area or with a certain person, and they may be required to stay international from certain people.If all of these stipulations are broken the parolee will go back to prison to litigate out the remainder of their time of incarceration. This is also known as revocation of probation. Revocation of probatio n is an administrative action at law of a paroling authority removing a person from parole status. Once an offender is back in prison he has to serve out the remainder of his time and also anytime he may get from any other crimes he may have committed. Some typical conditions that affect whether a person gets parole are the nature of their crime, prior criminal record, and most importantly the amount of time already served.The goals of trueness in sentencing are to improve the delivery of proportionate punishment and promote stability and predictability in offenders. The defection of the rehabilitation goal, combined with a return to determine sentencing in many jurisdictions including the federal judicial formation has reduces the amount of time an average corrections client spends on supervised parole(Schmalleger,F pg. 424). In 1981 thither was a revision that ensured that the assign to good behavior would exceed the length of the jail term The more number of years one was to serve in prison the more the number of months they were likely to get.The credits were as follows five years per month on sentences between six months and one year, six days per month on sentences between 1 years and three years, and eight days per month on jail term between 5 years and 10 years. Convicts that were sentenced to life in jail were to be released on the basis of parole once they served 15 years in prison. There were other amendments that were through with(p) in the year 1930 and years after which have overseen the current parole regime that we have today. The probation and parole system is very intricate and is changed greatly overtime.Parole and probation are used all over the ground and varies from state to state even the truth in sentencing laws differ state to state. There are more parolees on parole than there has ever been all across the country and that number will lonesome(prenominal) rise. As overcrowding continues to go on in prison, offenders will be re leased I feel like before they should be. Prison is meant to rehabilitate and to make the criminal think twice before committing a crime or giving him the skills he need to conduct a legal life style. Probation and Parole are 2 things that are an important part of the criminal justice systems.

Qualitative Research

Introduction/BackgroundIn this comp whizznt part of the study, the interrogationer should explain the rationale for undertaking the work reported on, including what he/she has chosen to do, the reasons for doing it and the background to the study. It should be written in an explanatory style. Thus, the researcher should state what the report is about, the relevant themes and issues, a brief epitome of the system of enquiry and also the limits of the research and reasons for them.For instance, in the article titled Making Corporate hearty Responsibility Work Do rude and Community Banks (RCBs) in Ghana Care at wholly? by Dr. Henry Kofi Mensah, Dr. Ahmed Agyapong and Dr. Eric Fosu Oteng-Abayie, the background information was perfectly done. The researchers made their intentions exposed and known and by this, their assimilation was on Rural and Community Banks in Ghana.Also, what other researchers have debated on concerning this topic was made clear by the researchers.Literature ReviewThis part of the research report should focus on a survey of publications (e.g. books, journals, authoritative websites, convention papers, etc.), reporting work that has already been done on the topic of the report.It should only include studies that have rate relevance to the research. A literature follow should be written like an essay in a discursive style, with an introduction, main discussion grouped in themes and a conclusion. Then, the researcher should conclude with how the review has inform his/her research, thus things the researcher allow for be building on and also the gaps he/ she lead be filling.For instance, in the article titled Making Corporate Social Responsibility Work Do Rural and Community Banks (RCBs) in Ghana Care at All? by Dr. Henry Kofi Mensah, Dr. Ahmed Agyapong and Dr. Eric Fosu Oteng-Abayie, the literature review was perfectly done.The researchers of this article grouped their literature review in thematic areas, which include CSR and Busin ess Operations, The CSR docket and the Operations of RCBs and also concluded with the aim to provide justification or otherwise for the investment in CSR and contribute to the growing discourse of CSR and its strategic value for SMEs in emerging economies. soft researchQualitative research refers to investigating the features of a commercialize place through in-depth research that explores the background and context for decision do1. In a nonher words, this type of research prefers other methods rather than the statistical analysis of information to endure certain conclusion about the market and aims to research on the behaviour of the guests.There are ii types of qualitative research methods. The first one is depth interviewing. Depth interviewing refers to one on one interviewing as the main tool of finding the nodes alternatives and opinions about a harvest-tide, a service or a merchandising campaign, for example.The second method is group discussions, in which the focus moves from the individual consumer to the group of potency customers2. The customers are brought together and discuss a certain merchandise or service, analyzing the strength and weaknesses of that product and proposing ways by which its sales sack up be increased.In general, qualitative research is employ when more in depth or perceptual entropy is required3. This means that, as a selling tool, qualitative research will be used when attempting to obtain actually focused information on consumer carriage an consumer reaction to a certain product or service.The first important advantage of such a marketing tool is the fact that it is very applied and that it is most in all probability to provide very completed information in the area it is used. If you go an individual, one-on-one interview with a potential or spry client, you will be posing questions so that you will obtain feedback as to the customers orientation course in terms of that products characteristics. In this way, the product that will be launched on the market will be more fill for the potential clients, it will bear many of characteristics they need or require. If the product has already been launched, then this will most likely be corrected following the modern evaluations. Because it will resound more of the requirements the clients want, the products sales are likely to grow as well.Among the disadvantages, we can mention, first of all, the fact that the market is formed of an almost incalculable number of clients and customers, while these methodologies fair game only a very diminished number of them. We may assume that the targeted individuals are not necessarily representative for the built-in population and that they will be only be referring to their own preferences rather than those of the entire potential group of consumers.Additionally, we can superlative towards the very large cost qualitative research implies. Indeed, be able to perform individual intervie ws is unimpeachably a task that will mean additional costs for each of the interviews. The group interview methodological analysis is also costly, as all the participants will need to be paid, while this type of session is likely to take up some time.Quantitative research refers to standard a market and quantifying that measurement with info4. Obviously, compared to qualitative research, this is a much larger berth, a perspective where the entire market needs to be study. Additionally, numeric research will aim to disc everywhere and statistically analyze information and selective information on the market size, market growth rates etc.On the other hand, quantitative research can also be used to evaluate customer preference and decide on customer attitudes and sentience for certain products.The quantitative analysis is based on devil essential vectors data collection and data analysis. In terms of data collection, this activity will be aimed at gathering data that will help the marketing related decisions of the company. Data can be collected in any circumstances, on the street in interviews, through the lucre, on the phone or over the mail etc.On the other hand, this data needs to be interpreted and analyzed so as to provide the unavoidable reaction from the decision makers. By interpretation, we will mean that the data will be statistically analyzed, trends and on-line(prenominal) tendencies will be estimated, all this with the use of different statistical measure and calculations.Obviously, the main advantage of quantitative research is that it give such an ample perspective over the whole market rather than apart(p) opinions of certain individuals. On the other hand, the problem is that it often does not incorporate personal opinions, things like customer preference and specific customer behaviour, which would be covered by the qualitative research.In general, it is often recommended that the two different types of analyses are combined so as to reflect best both the market in general and the individual preferences. This way we can ensure that the marketing decision is entirely sustained and back up by relevant data.Bibliography1. marketplace research qualitative research. On the cyberspace at http//www.tutor2u.net/ handicraft/marketing/research_qualitative.asp. stretch out retrieved on November 15, 2006.2. Qualitative Market Research. finally retrieved on November 15, 20063. Market research quantitative research. Last retrieved on November 15, 2006.1 Market research qualitative research. On the Internet at http//www.tutor2u.net/business/marketing/research_qualitative.asp. Last retrieved on November 15, 2006. 2 Ibid. 3 Qualitative Market Research. On the Internet at http//www.apmforum.com/emerald/qualitative-market-research.htm. Last retrieved on November 15, 2006 4 Market research quantitative research. On the Internet at http//www.tutor2u.net/business/marketing/research_quantiative.asp. Last retrieved on Nove mber 15, 2006.Qualitative researchQualitative research refers to investigating the features of a market through in-depth research that explores the background and context for decision making1. In another words, this type of research prefers other methods rather than the statistical analysis of data to obtain certain conclusion about the market and aims to research on the behaviour of the customers.There are two types of qualitative research methods. The first one is depth interviewing. Depth interviewing refers to one on one interviewing as the main tool of finding the customers preferences and opinions about a product, a service or a marketing campaign, for example.The second method is group discussions, in which the focus moves from the individual consumer to the group of potential customers2. The customers are brought together and discuss a certain product or service, analyzing the strength and weaknesses of that product and proposing ways by which its sales can be increased.In general, qualitative research is used when more in depth or perceptual data is required3. This means that, as a marketing tool, qualitative research will be used when attempting to obtain very focused information on consumer behavior an consumer reaction to a certain product or service.The first important advantage of such a marketing tool is the fact that it is very applied and that it is most likely to provide very accurate information in the area it is used. If you conduct an individual, one-on-one interview with a potential or active client, you will be posing questions so that you will obtain feedback as to the customers preference in terms of that products characteristics.In this way, the product that will be launched on the market will be more fit for the potential clients, it will bear many of characteristics they need or require. If the product has already been launched, then this will most likely be corrected following the new evaluations. Because it will reflect more of the requirements the clients want, the products sales are likely to grow as well.Among the disadvantages, we can mention, first of all, the fact that the market is formed of an almost incalculable number of clients and customers, while these methodologies target only a very small number of them. We may assume that the targeted individuals are not necessarily representative for the entire population and that they will be only be referring to their own preferences rather than those of the entire potential group of consumers.Additionally, we can point towards the very large costs qualitative research implies. Indeed, being able to perform individual interviews is definitely a task that will mean additional costs for each of the interviews. The group interview methodology is also costly, as all the participants will need to be paid, while this type of session is likely to take up some time.Quantitative research refers to measuring a market and quantifying that measurement with data4. Ob viously, compared to qualitative research, this is a much larger perspective, a perspective where the entire market needs to be analyzed. Additionally, quantitative research will aim to discover and statistically analyze information and data on the market size, market growth rates etc.On the other hand, quantitative research can also be used to evaluate customer preference and decide on customer attitudes and awareness for certain products.The quantitative analysis is based on two essential vectors data collection and data analysis. In terms of data collection, this activity will be aimed at gathering data that will help the marketing related decisions of the company. Data can be collected in any circumstances, on the street in interviews, through the Internet, on the phone or over the mail etc.On the other hand, this data needs to be interpreted and analyzed so as to provide the necessary reaction from the decision makers. By interpretation, we will mean that the data will be stat istically analyzed, trends and current tendencies will be estimated, all this with the use of different statistical measure and calculations.Obviously, the main advantage of quantitative research is that it give such an ample perspective over the whole market rather than isolated opinions of certain individuals. On the other hand, the problem is that it often does not incorporate personal opinions, things like customer preference and specific customer behaviour, which would be covered by the qualitative research.In general, it is often recommended that the two different types of analyses are combined so as to reflect best both the market in general and the individual preferences. This way we can ensure that the marketing decision is entirely sustained and supported by relevant data.Bibliography1. Market research qualitative research. On the Internet at http//www.tutor2u.net/business/marketing/research_qualitative.asp. Last retrieved on November 15, 2006.2. Qualitative Market Resear ch. Last retrieved on November 15, 20063. Market research quantitative research. Last retrieved on November 15, 2006.1 Market research qualitative research. On the Internet at http//www.tutor2u.net/business/marketing/research_qualitative.asp. Last retrieved on November 15, 2006. 2 Ibid. 3 Qualitative Market Research. On the Internet at http//www.apmforum.com/emerald/qualitative-market-research.htm. Last retrieved on November 15, 2006 4 Market research quantitative research. On the Internet at http//www.tutor2u.net/business/marketing/research_quantiative.asp. Last retrieved on November 15, 2006.