Thursday, June 13, 2019

Alexander and Diogenes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alexander and Diogenes - Essay ExampleAlexander was greeted by everyone when he met Diogenes, except Diogenes himself, who spoke to Alexander rudely when the former asked the latter if he could do anything for him. Highet (10) writes that Diogenese said, Stand to one side. Youre blocking the sunlight. Although the crowd wait Alexanders reaction to this rude remark, they were amazed to hear him say that he preferred being Diogenes if he were not Alexander. If I were not Alexander, I should be Diogenes (Highet 10). This meant that he considered Diogenes as a free person, unafraid and bold, not thinking about what effect his saying would have on the listener. He, sort of, maxim his own image in the beggars style and pride. He came to know that, on earth, it was either Alexander, the King, or Diogenes, the beggar, who were free and independent in their plectron of speech and action.Highet made this historical story even more compelling, by giving it the form of an essay. The message t hat can be extracted through this is that the real clement being is one who is bold enough to use his free will. When we say that a person is free, we mean that he lives by his own value system, which is so strong that he is not afraid of whether the people around him approve of or disapprove his speech and actions. The main theme is about simplicity. One mustiness not get indulge in the complexities of life. Simplicity is what makes life beautiful, and also makes one understand his true self, because it is in simplicity that one collides with nature and recognizes his worth. He knew that of all men then alive in the world only Alexander the conqueror and Diogenes the beggar were truly free (Highet, 10), means that even Kings cook the importance of those people whom they consider as inferior, just because of strong values and confidence. It also means that even beggars are considered as inspirational, if they are free and

Wednesday, June 12, 2019

Reading response papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Reading response papers - Essay ExampleIn the same manner, the individuality of phenomena is non commensurate with the pecuniaryprinciple. Money is concerned only with what is common to all it asks for the exchange value,it reduces all quality and individuality to the question How much? All mention emotional relations between persons are founded in their individuality, whereas in rational relations man is reckoned with like a number,like an element which is in itself indifferent. Only the quarry measurable achievement is of interest. Thus metropolitan man reckons with his merchants and customers, his domestic servants and often even with persons with whom he is obliged to have social intercourse. These features of intellectuality contrast with the nature of the base circlein which the inevitable knowledge of individuality as inevitably produces a warmer tone of behavior, a behavior which is beyond a incorrupt objective balancing of service and return. In the sphere of the economi c psychology of the small group it is of importance that under primitive conditions production serves the customer who orders the good, so that the producer and the consumer are acquainted. The modern metropolis, however, is supplied almost entirely by production for the market, that is, for entirely unknown purchasers who never face-to-facely enter the producers actual field of vision. through with(predicate) this anonymity the interests of each party acquire an unmerciful matter-of-factness and the intellectually calculating economic egoisms of both parties need not fear any deflection because of the imponderables of personal relationships. The money economydominates the metropolis it has displaced the last survivals of domestic production and the direct barter of goods it minimizes, from day to day, the amount of work ordered by customers. The matter-of-fact carriage is obviously so intimately interrelated with the money

Tuesday, June 11, 2019

Learning of Mathematics in Secondary Schools Essay

Learning of math in Secondary Schools - Essay ExampleToday, in whatever field of work we look into, we always find the impact of technology continuously revolutionizing those fields and industries. The education industry is no exception. When looking deep into various disciplines of studies to psychoanalyze the actualized as well as potential impact of technology, we come across the fact that the understanding of the subjects which argon very conceptual in nature, increases m some(prenominal) folds. math is one of them. Furthermore, especially in secondary classes in Singapore, when the course of mathematics starts to get more conceptual and complex, it becomes essential to let the students visualize various concepts utilise multimedia, which would otherwise be impossible to demonstrate. Thus this study aims to analyze the impact of use of Information and Communication Technology in the enhancement of learning of Mathematics in the secondary schools of Singapore, particularly i n the assessment aspect of teaching. Information Communication Technology is too broad area to be analyzed as a whole, thus we would restrict ourselves to the impact of multimedia technologies only. This specification leads us to our research question, that is,This literature re conceive is aimed to look at the work relevant to the neck that has already been done. Thus, first of all we would start with defining the term multimedia, without as well as within the context of Information Communication Technology. Moving further, we pass on analyze the various researches done on the issue of teaching methodologies and its relation with technologies. The term relation here includes the advent, the nature and level of integration of technology and teaching everyplace time and impact. Moving further, we would review the literature on how the multimedia technologies can facilitate the teaching of mathematics. Lastly we would try to analyze that keeping in view the existing literature, wha t is the need of the proposed research.It is important to be clear in very beginning that what perspective of multimedia we are considering, in order to avoid any ambiguity. In a literal sense, the word multi means many and media means the plurality of mediums, the way of delivering some thing. The type of information that is considered as part of media are diversified, it includes, text, graphics, animations, sounds and video clips. The list is not exhaustive with the evolution of technology new types of media keep on being added. For example, initially only text was the media to be used, hence graphics and then sounds, animations and clips and so on. When we speak of the term multimedia in terms of information and communication technology, it has been defined as Multimedia is communication that uses any combination of different media it may or may not involve computers. Multimedia may include text, spoken audio, music, images, animation, and video. . Multimedia programs are often synergistic and include games, sales presentations, encyclopedias, and more.From this definition we can infer some

Monday, June 10, 2019

PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology - Assignment ExampleThe humanistic theories are also discussed in the chapter (Ellen et al. slides 16-18), and these theories are presented as to a greater extent humanistic than Freuds theories. In this case, Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs is outlined. The chapter analysis that under these theories, although parents set up conditions for their children, there is a person centered therapy where tidy sum are taught to live by their own values. Moreover, the chapter discusses trait theories (Ellen et al. slides 19-23) and the way they explain temperament and differences among people with regard to personal characteristics that consider situations. It explores some ideas proposed by archeozoic trait theorists. The chapter concludes the topic by listing five factors that were considered by trait theorists as most significant in personality.The chapter also discusses cognitive theories (Ellen et al. slides 24-27) where the situation trait debate is analyzed. The components of Banduras reciprocal determinism model are discussed, in addition to the locus of control and what it contributes to personality. Lastly (slides 28-38), the nature, nurture and personality are discussed and the way personality differs across culture. The chapter concludes by discussing personality assessment methods, the rating scales and tests. In this light, chapter eleven highlights the projection of the results insight to personality.Chapter twelve discusses psychological disorders including anxiety disorders, desire disorders, schizophrenia, and other psychological disorders. The chapter starts by defining psychological disorder (Ellen et al. slide 2-8) as mental processes or behavioral pattern that leads to emotional distress and lastly impairs the mental functioning of an individual. The criteria to be apply to determine abnormal behavior are discussed with the inclusion of DSM-IV-TR, which is used by clinicians. The ways of preventing psycholo gical disorders and the theoretical approaches used to explain

Sunday, June 9, 2019

Assignment (Continued De Stijl) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assignment (Continued De Stijl) - Essay ExampleI am designing architecture of a small house deriving from the features of the surface. The reduction of pure form is a figurative translation of cultural ideals for the practitioners of De Stijl (Helfand). The design adheres to the principles of De Stijl in a sense that it complicates the use of straight plane and vertical lines to create a universal form of design. I am using three primary colors in the projects design, which include blue, red, and green along with a non-color, which is Gray. I am trying to accomplish the essence of a real De Stijl art through creating a masterpiece, which should adhere to the principles of De Stijl. The plan bottomland the artwork is that a house is never small or big according to its structural design rather the design or dumbfound of the house makes it look small or big. Therefore, I am designing a small house in a way that it should reflect a true art instead of its area. I am using Blob Brus h tool to draw the vectors and oil paints to paint the areas. The basic idea behind development of this project is to demonstrate the applicability of De Stijl principles in designing attractive painting and other artworks. Works Cited Helfand, Jessica. De Stijl, New Media, and the Lessons of Geometry. Typotheque.com, n.d. Web. 08 May 2011. .

Saturday, June 8, 2019

Value Added Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Value Added - Essay ExampleThe difference is usually seen in the quantity of the components included when calculating the assess added. Two ways have been suggested when obtained the think of added for an organisation. First, there is the subtraction method where purchases are deducted from sales flesh. Secondly, the addition method that sums up the profits, interests, depreciation, payroll etc. The both methods are explained towards wealth creation in the additive method and distribution of wealth in the subtraction method. Either of the two methods, should give the same figure of the nurture added in a line of descent (Haslam and Neale, 2000, 35) The value added is demonstrated below Gross come forthput (A) (minus) Bought in items, services (B) -------------delivers----------Valued added--------distributed to----- wages, consumption, capital, profits In a earths records, the gross output represents the gross income from different industries. All purchases that are made by t he government are then deducted, to arrive at the value added. To understand this concept, accounting information from Walmart corporation is adopted and illustrated below. Example Walmart Company income statement has been reviewed for the years 2011 and 2010. Figures all in $million Year 2011 Year 2010 sales revenue 421,849.0 408,085 Less Purchases made 315,287.0 304,444.0 Value added 106,562.0 103,641.0 Expenses wages, administration. ... The value added per employee is obtained by dividing the figure calculated by the overall number of employees in a Company. The real value for 2011 for Walmart, would then be 106,562.0/2,100,000= $0.05 million per employee (Haslam and Neale, 2000, 55). The extent to which value added, hard currencyflow, and profit connected to Companys sales performance, is determined by critically analysing the realisation of the Companys goal i.e. shareholders wealth creation. The value added shows the net value which excludes dealings from suppliers. The w ealth so created is distributed amongst the expenditure, profits and capital of the firm. The cashflow statement shows the bill of cash that comes in the organisation e.g. from sales and cash out i.e. for the various expenditures undertaken. Cash expenditure in a company is includes cash for investments, dividends paid, cash for trading operations etc. Cash inflow includes turnover, gain on sale of assets, interest income etc. To balance the cashflow, the cash outflow is subtracted from the cash inflow to get a deficit or a surplus. The resulting figure is the liquid money in the firm. This is related to the value added as both look at the companys performance. If the resulting figure is a deficit, then the company is making losses and the performance is poor. Vice Versa is also true. True cash representation is assessed by the cashflow in and out of the Companys operations. Any activities that do not involve cash e.g. outstanding debts, suppliers and outstanding debts are not inc orporated. The cashflow depicts the true worth of a business as it paves ways for a cash budget to be created for the following year laying emphasis on the previous years cash spending. The shareholders of an organisation

Friday, June 7, 2019

African American Immigration Essay Example for Free

African American Immigration EssayThere has al managements been a corporation of discussion about the perception of African Americans in the media and how it affects their self-identity. It is easy to find examples of bias in portraying African Americans in the media. So what exactly is it that the media does to bring out these stereotypes, biases, and run intos that be given to stick with a stria of African Americans? The goal of this paper is to explore the different perceptions African Americans have g atomic number 53 through, how it has given them a sense of double consciousness on life, where the media image of African Americans that has stuck with them for so long can, and will go from here. According to the United States Census Bureau (2001), 12. 3% of all throng reporting as ace race reported they were sable or African American. This ethnic identity is now the second biggest minority group in the United States. It excessively refers to a group of raft that has b een in the United States for as long as it has existed. However, through the persecution of sla very, the austerity of segregation, and the continuing at a lower placementlying prejudice, African Americans are unflustered searching for their true identity.Just as children that were adopted tend to long for a true identity most of their lives, so are the circumstances of the African American. Stolen from their homeland and forced into slavery in a new country, African Americans were basically victims of identity theft. Although a lot of progress has been made in the way of an American identity for African Americans, a true identity has not yet been found. According to W. E. B DuBois (1903) The history of the American Negro is the history of this fightthis longing to attain self-conscious manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self (p.68). Many African Americans feel the same as W. E. B.Du Bois when he says, After the Egyptian and Indian, the Greek and Roman, th e Teuton and Mongolian, the Negro is a sort of seventh son, born with a veil, and gifted with second-sight in this American manhood a world which yields him no true self-consciousness, but still lets him see himself through the revelation of the other world. He also states, One ever feels his deuceness an American, a Negro, deuce souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled arrives two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder. A quick forecast at American history makes it easy to understand where this split identity stems from because Du Bois claims that African Americans were always forced to see things through white eyes only and not have a vision of their own. In an effort to rephrase Du Bois comment above, the callinology of twoness is really him trying to define double consciousness as a few different things 1 the power that white stereotypes have on African Americans lives and also having that internal conflict between label ing themselves as African and American simultaneously.2 it is a sense of awareness of ones self along with the awareness of how others may perceive one. This in turn air currents to conforming based on level of power, which is basically what occurred. PBS African American World Timeline (2004) says that there is a large history of not granting African Americans an identity. Before 1787, of course, African Americans were slaves and only thought of as property. In 1787 the U. S. Constitution was approved. It allowed for the continuation of the slave trade for another 20 years and claimed that a slave counted as three-fifths of a man for representation by the government.In 1865 some progress was gained when the Thirteenth Amendment was passed, outlawing slavery and creating a Freedmens Bureau to avail out former slaves. Also in 1865 Union General, William Sherman issued a field order setting up 40-acre plots of land in Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida for African Americans to set tle. But, in 1866, some all-white legislatures in the former Confederate states passed what were pick outn as, Black Codes harshly cutting the freedom of African Americans and practically re-enslaving them.Since that time there has been some forward motion and also some difficulty for African Americans. Based on the history of the United States treatment of African Americans, it is easy to understand how they could struggle for their true identity. crowd together Jones (1991) might say it best when he states, Black personality is in part an adaptation to the political contours of racism. The conflict between the freedoms and rights of United States citizens is connected to the defense lawyers of freedom and rights that is the history of the African American presence in this country.If we view personality as the resultant of coping pattern and complaisantization directives, then filthy personality is, in part, the cumulative representation of the effects of racism over four cen turies. It reflects over time, the effects of the form and structure racism takes, and comes to signal the reputation of race relations at any point in time (p. 305). This would lead to accepting of the fact that African Americans do, of course, have an identity, but a lot of the time it is dependent on the identity of White race at that time.Alain Locke (1925) explains the upward moving and upbeat side of African American identity In the last decade something beyond the watch and guard of statistics has happened in the life of the American Negro and the three norms who have tralatitiously presided over the Negro chore have a changeling in their laps. The Sociologist, The Philanthropist, the Race-leader are not unaware of the New Negro but they are at a loss to vizor for him. He simply cannot be swathed in their formulae.For the younger generation is vibrant with a new psychology the new spirit is awake in the masses, and under the very eyes of the professional observers is tra nsforming what has been a perennial problem into the progressive phases of contemporary Negro life. Could such a metamorphosis have taken place as suddenly as it has appeared to? The answer is no, not because the New Negro is not here, but because the Old Negro had long become more than of a myth than a man. The Old Negro, we must remember, was a creature of moral debate and diachronic controversy.His has been a stock figure perpetuated as a diachronic fiction partly in innocent sentimentalism, partly in deliberate reactions. The Negro himself has contributed his share to this through a sort of protective social imitation forced upon him by the adverse circumstances of dependence. So for generations in the mind of America, the Negro has been more of a formula than a human being a something to be argued about, condemned or defended, to be kept down, or in his place, or helped up, to be worried with or worried over, harassed or patronized, a social bogey or a social burden.The th inking Negro even has been induced to share this same general attitude, to focus his attention on moot issues, to see himself, in the distorted perspective of a social problem. His shadow, so to speak, has been more real to him than his personality. Through having had to appeal from the unjust stereotypes of his oppressors and Traducers to those of his liberators, friends and benefactors he has subscribed to the traditional positions from which his deterrent example has been viewed.Little true social or self-understanding has or could come from such a situation Until recently, lacking self-understanding, we have been almost as much of a problem to ourselves as we still are to others. But the decade that found us with a problem has left us with only a task. The multitude perhaps feels as yet only a strange relief and a new vague urge, but the thinking few know that in the reaction the vital inner grip of prejudice has been broken. It does not follow that if the Negro were better kn own he would be better want or better treated.But mutual understanding is basic for any subsequent cooperation and adjustment. The effort toward this will at least have the effect of remedying in large part what has been the most unsatisfactory feature of our present stage of race relationships in America, namely the fact that the more intelligent and representative elements of the two race groups have at so many points got quite out of vital touch with one another (p. 631). Even in the premier time of African American identity there were still questions to be answered.Now those questions lead to progressive thinking like Lockes, middle of the road thinking and ultra thinking. An example of the term middle-of-the-road thinking can be seen in a post by Malcolm Frierson (2004) to a discussion board using the payoff of what label to give African Americans. He says It is the right of the individual to be self-defining. Black is a color, not a term for a race of people in this mille nnium. The word was made beautiful and soaked in the 60s and beyond for obvious reasons. That effort was admirable and effective, but now fairly done.It is time to decease forward. The term African American linguistically puts the race on more comfortable ground. It doesnt seem right or fair to look at four men and call one Italian, one Native American, one Chinese, and the other black. Whites dont seem to have this concern obviously because they sit at the guide of this name issue. The whole system was constructed to glorify the whites (the imperialists) and belittle the blacks (the subjects). Also, many whites and blacks together, beg for an end to this issue because they claim, were all Americans. But if we are actually honest with apiece other, nobody while in contemporary American society, when asked for their race or ethnicity, will never be able to simply label them self as simply American. There will always have to be a distinguishing label put upon everyone. Why is it that blacks have to go through this labeling issue more than any other American subgroup? Asian Americans, Italian Americans, and Filipino Americans often become Asians, Italians, and simply Filipino without ridicule or persecution (Asians further become Chinese, Japanese, Taiwanese, and others).A possible answer to this would be that we all identify with our most dominant ancestral line or native country German, Spanish, Portuguese, Jamaican, what have you. It should come earlier the unders aliked American part. But again, we should respect an individuals rights to be self-defining. One black problem could be that a lot of people really havent been to Africa and are in a sense kind of ashamed about or tend to disregard that fact possibly feeling a sense of ignorance in that area.The term African should be proudly used along with the term American just as other foreign groups use their places of origin along with their American status. unluckily this viewpoint is just a common middle-ground between the two poles. The other pole is a belief best supported by the alone African Peoples Revolutionary Party. They say, African People born and living in over 113 countries around the world are one group of people, with one identity, one history, one culture, one nation and one destiny. We have one common enemy. We suffer from disunity, disorganization and ideo transparent confusion.And we have only one scientific and correct solution, Pan-Africanism the total liberation and unification of Africa under scientific socialism. They feel that African people that have been born or are living orthogonal of Africa are well-readly kept from the knowledge of Africa and her achievements through European capitalism. They also feel that people inside of Africa are tricked into living in separate countries because of the divide and rule tactic used by Europeans which basically room it forces large concentrations of power (people) into smaller units of power to constrain them from gaining more power as the bigger unit.It is this pole that receives the most voice in the media and also probably this pole which leads to the bias media outlets against African Americans. Perhaps the earliest example of media bias against African Americans, whether intentional or not, came from 19th Century naturalists that divided mankind into Caucasians, Mongolians, Malayans, Ethiopians and (native) American races. The Caucasians were defined as wise, the Mongolians crafty, and the Ethiopians/negro unintelligent. This bias is blunt and disrespectful, but possibly not tight in intent back in the day.Today our media comes from less than ten gigantic media conglomerates in the United States. Salim Muwakkil (1999) mentions that, Virtually all of our information, our cultural narratives, and our global images derive from institutions whose major goal is to pay handsome dividends to stockholders (p. 2). Which in other words the media doesnt really care what they say even if it sounds hateful. If it sells and gets publicity, its a hit. He also points out that black-owned media operations are becoming increasingly rare as much larger corporations continue to buy out more places and more property.Muwakkils fear is that the mainstream will continue to alter the image of African Americans without challenge to the point that their anti-black tendencies will be encouraged and sustained. Muwakkil makes a very strong point when he states the Kerner Commissions findings The Kerner Commission (formally known as the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders), which was charged with finding the reasons for the long-hot-summer rebellions, had conclude that the United States was headed dangerously toward two societies, one black, and one white, separate and unequal. It blamed the urban unrest on persistent racial discrimination and a historical legacy of disadvantage, but it also singled out the nations news media for censure. The media treated African Amer icans as invisible, the commission concluded, and failed to communicate to white audiences a feeling for the difficulties and frustrations of being a Negro in the United States (p. 1). In the book, The Black Image in the White Mind Media and Race in America, Robert Entman and Andrew Rojecki (2000) point out some surprise statistics from studies done on American television.While Black actors are now more frequently appearing in films, its a debatable question as to how well theyre being represented. In the top movies of 1996 representation of African American Females and Caucasian females was drastically different where statistics from differences in using profanity, to physical violence were very often a difference of 70% or more between the 2 races with African Americans being in the higher percentage of the two for those original areas. Television ads now show, hidden patterns of differentiation and distance pertaining to African Americans.Not surprisingly, for instance, Blacks do not touch Whites in the majority of television ads, but as opposed to Whites, they rarely even touch each other, expressing a slight message assuming that Black skin would be taboo. A ranking of racial preference is implanted within the casting of commercials. Network news also tends to place a ghetto label or more urban image on African Americans. Increasingly, African Americans appear mostly in crime, sports and entertainment stories. Rarely are Blacks shown making an important contribution to the serious business of the nation.The exception of blacks rarely being shown in a positive fashion contributing to the nation would be President Obama, which will hopefully turn the stage for this image stereotype. Unfortunately however, that negative image is not the only blunt indication of a media stereotype. It is noticed by a lot of different people that African American athletes tend to receive a bad representation by the media, pointing out that when they get into any level of tr ouble, it is reported significantly more and also sensed in a much different way than when White athletes behave in the same manner or worse.It also is sometimes apparent that sportscasters tend to point out solely the athletic abilities of African American athletes in contrast to their tendency to point out the intelligence and savvy of White athletes. It is a known stereotype for quarterbacks on football teams for example, people perceive this position to demand a much more mental capacity and take a much more conscious effort as opposed to other positions on the team. Therefore the stereotype has often been viewed as teams primarily consisting of white quarterbacks.This tends to lead people to believe that black athletes achieve greatness by some coincidence or by simply their natural physical makeup kind of of just assuming they are talented and hard working. There are several more examples of media bias against African Americans and there are far too many to speak on individu ally. Ultimately the point that is trying to be made is that there is a high level of publicity and strong case for media bias against African Americans.Any actor or famous person for that matter will almost always tell you that no publicity means bad publicity. It is logical then, to see the media (whether its biased or not) as a great tool for providing a voice to the African American community. It is also logical to say that a more biased media representation gives African Americans more publicity as Americans simply love bad press because dirt on other people sells, and the media has never cared about ones feelings if it means for them to make money.Ultimately, where I see this issue going from here has everything to do with President Obama. With the world-wide publicity he received for his changing of history for our country, I really feel this will open up many doors into the media for African Americans to have their voice, and create and defend a sense of identity that is muc h more positive than any other that has been labeled upon them.Obama is the best thing that has happened to African American media and just them as populace because he is what America needs to not only fix the economic and other issues in this country but most importantly bring the people of different colors together even closer than ever before to becoming one country where everyone is separate in color, but equal in representation and voice. Works Cited Du Bois, W. E. B. The Souls of Black Folk. Chicago A. C. McClurg Co. CambridgeUniversity Press John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U. S. A., 1903 Bartleby. com,1999. P. 68. Entman, R. M. and Andrew R.. (2000). The Black Image in the White Mind Media andRace in America. University of Chicago Press. Frierson, M. (2004) Black, black, or African American? Feedback Poynter OnlineRetrieved may 10, 2009 from http//www. poynter. org/article_feedback/article_feedback_list. asp? id=51320 Fudjud, D. (2003) Black, black, or African American? F eedback Poynter OnlineRetrieved May 11, 2009 fromhttp//www. poynter. org/article_feedback/article_feedback_list. asp? id=51320 Jones, J. (1991).The Politics of Personality Being Black in America. In ReginaldJones (ed. ) Black Psychology 3rd Edition, 305-318. Locke, A. (1925) Enter the New Negro. A hypermedia edition of the March 1925 SurveyGraphic Harlem Number Retrieved May 12, 2009 fromhttp//etext. lib. virginia. edu/harlem/LocEnteF. html Muwakkil, S. (1999). Corporate Media, Alternative Press, and African Americans Media Alliance, Retrieved May 11, 2009 fromhttp//mediaalliance2. live. radicaldesigns. org/article. php? id=535 PBS. (2002) African American World Timeline.Retrieved May 11, 2009 fromhttp//www. pbs. org/wnet/aaworld/timeline/early_01. html U. S. Census Bureau (2001) Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin. Census 2000Website Retrieved May 11, 2009 from http//factfinder. census. gov/servlet/ThematicMapFramesetServlet? _bm=y-geo_id=01000US-tm_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_M00628-d s_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_-_MapEvent=displayBy-_dBy=040. Woods, K. M. (1995) An Essay on a wickedly Powerful Word Poynter Online RetrievedMay 11, 2009 from http//www. poynter. org/content/content_view. asp? id=5603.